Electrolyte solution for electrochemical devices

ABSTRACT

It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical device having an electrolytic solution having high current density and high oxidation resistance, as well as high safety, where dissolution and deposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably. 
     The present invention relates to the electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device comprising (1) the supporting electrolyte composed of a magnesium salt and (2) at least one or more kinds of the compound represented by the following general formula [2], as well as the electrochemical device comprising said electrolytic solution, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution containing amagnesium ion and an electrochemical device including said electrolyticsolution.

BACKGROUND ART

Magnesium to be used as a raw material of a magnesium ion battery is anelement present abundantly on the earth, and is a material having highersuperiority as compared with lithium which is unstable in price andsupply amount or the like. In addition, since the magnesium ion batteryis cheap and safe, as well as has high energy density, it has been drawnattention as a post-lithium ion battery.

As a negative electrode of the magnesium ion battery, usually metalmagnesium is used. However, since metal magnesium has high reducibility,in the case where said metal is used as a negative electrode, it reactswith an electrolytic solution to form a passive state film having lowion conductivity, at the electrode surface thereof. There has been wellknown that formation of this passive state film inhibits reversibledissolution and deposition of magnesium, which has been a problem onusing metal magnesium as a negative electrode.

On the other hand, an electrolytic solution not forming the passivestate film has also been known. For example, in PATENT LITERATURE 1 andNON PATENT LITERATURE 1, there has been reported that by using anelectrolytic solution, where an electrolyte represented by the generalformula Mg(ZR¹ ₁R² _(m)X_(n))₂ (wherein z represents a boron or analuminum; R¹ and R² represent a hydrocarbon group; X represents abromine or a chlorine; and l+m+n is 4) is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(THF), reversible dissolution and deposition of magnesium is possible.

Additionally, various reports have been made aiming at enhancingperformance of the magnesium ion battery. For example, in PATENTLITERATURE 2, there has been reported that by using an electrolyticsolution, where an aromatic Grignard's reagent represented by thegeneral formula C₆H₅MgX (wherein X═Cl, Br) is dissolved intetrahydrofuran (THF), low oxidation potential of the Grignard's reagent(RMgX, wherein R is an alkyl group), which conventionally has been said,can be improved.

In addition, in PATENT LITERATURE 3 and PATENT LITERATURE 4, there hasbeen reported that by using the Grignard's reagent (RMgX) or a magnesiumchloride (II) and an organometal compound (an alkylaluminum compound) incombination, to form a complex by making magnesium dimerized in thesystem, acid resistance of an electrolytic solution can be improved.

Still more, in NON PATENT LITERATURE 2, there has been referred to onprogress of reversible dissolution and deposition of magnesium, from theresult of cyclic voltammogram and electrode surface analysis, bypreparation of an electrolytic solution wherein a magnesium bromide (II)is dissolved in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran in order to enhance safety ofthe electrolytic solution.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

-   PATENT LITERATURE 1: JP-A-2003-512704-   PATENT LITERATURE 2: JP-A-2004-259650-   PATENT LITERATURE 3: JP-A-2007-188694-   PATENT LITERATURE 4: JP-A-2007-188709

Non Patent Literature

-   NON PATENT LITERATURE 1: D. Aurbach et al., Nature, vol. 407, p. 724    to 727 (2000)-   NON PATENT LITERATURE 2: Proceedings, No. 76^(th) New Battery    Concept Subcommittee (2011), p. 1 to 5.-   NON PATENT LITERATURE 3: Future Material, vol. 62, p. 211 to 216    (2011)

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, any of the electrolytic solutions described in the aboveliterature has a low current value (or current density), which isobserved accompanying with dissolution and deposition of magnesium, of±1 mA or lower (or ±1 mA/cm² or lower), thus results in requiring longperiod of time in performing charge-discharge of a battery. That is, itcannot be said a battery with high practicality, due to difficulty ofrapid charge-discharge. For example, in PATENT LITERATURE 4, a currentvalue accompanying with dissolution of magnesium is 0.8 mA, and acurrent value accompanying with deposition of magnesium, is −0.6 mA,which cannot be said to be sufficiently high values.

In addition, an electrolytic solution being used in PATENT LITERATURE 1and NON PATENT LITERATURE 1 starts decomposition when applied with avoltage of about 2.3 V, therefore it cannot be applied a charge-voltageof 2.3 V or higher. Still more, in PATENT LITERATURE 2, there has beendescribed that oxidative decomposition potential of a phenylmagnesiumbromide (C₆H₅MgX) is 3.8 V, however, practically, in PATENT LITERATURE4, there has been referred to that it starts decomposition at furtherlow potential (about 2.0 V).

Thus, such a problem is generated that high energy density, which themagnesium ion battery originally has, cannot be utilized sufficiently,because of limitation of charge-discharge voltage depending ondecomposition potential of the electrolytic solution.

Another factor regarded as important, in the case of using as apractical battery, includes safety, for which the above electrolyticsolution is insufficient. For example, magnesium aluminate (PATENTLITERATURE 1, NON PATENT LITERATURE 1) is a water prohibitive compoundclassified as the third class of hazardous materials, and the Grignard'sreagent (PATENT LITERATURE 2) is an organometal compound having stronginflammability, which remains a problem on safety of the electrolyticsolution.

In addition, PATENT LITERATURE 3 and PATENT LITERATURE 4 use atriethylaluminum and a diethylaluminum chloride, respectively, as rawmaterials, which are converted to a magnesium-aluminum complex withinthe system, however, since each of the raw materials is a spontaneouscombustible substance, they cannot be said to have high safety.

Accordingly, in order to solve the above described problems, it is anobject of the present invention to provide an electrochemical devicehaving an electrolytic solution having high current density and highoxidation resistance, as well as high safety, where dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably.

Solution to Problem

The present invention relates to “an electrolytic solution for anelectrochemical device comprising (1) a supporting electrolytecomprising a magnesium salt and (2) at least one or more kinds of thecompounds represented by the following general formula [2]:

[wherein l, m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2;R₁ and R₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers or a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6carbon numbers; R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ each independently represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers, a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers or ahydroxyl group; R₇ represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers, an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, an aryloxygroup having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, an aryloxy group having 6 to 10carbon numbers which has a halogen atom as substituent, an alkenyloxygroup having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, analkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, analkenylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxycarbonylgroup having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 4carbon numbers, an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, analkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyl grouphaving 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 11carbon numbers, an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers,a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an arylalkenyloxy group having 8 to 13carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers,a hydroxyaralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, a hydroxyarylgroup having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyaryloxy group having 6 to10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbonnumbers, an alkoxyarylalkyloxy group having 8 to 16 carbon numbers, analkoxyaryl group having 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyaryloxy grouphaving 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkenyl group having 3 to 7carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy group having 3 to 7 carbonnumbers, an alkoxyalkenylcarbonyloxy group having 4 to 8 carbon numbers,an alkoxyalkyloxycarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, analkoxyalkylcarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, a phosphonogroup represented by the following general formula [3]:

(wherein R₈ and R₉ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or analkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers),

-   -   an amide group represented by the following general formula [4]:

(wherein R₁₀ and R₁₁ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or analkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers),

-   -   a carbamide group represented by the following general formula        [5]:

(wherein R₁₂ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4carbon numbers, R₁₃ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbonnumbers),

-   -   the group represented by the following general formula [6]:        O—R₁₄        _(p)OR₁₅  [6]        (wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 6, R₁₄ each        independently represents an alkylene group or a halogenoalkylene        group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers when p is 2 to 5, R₁₅        represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon        numbers, or a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers),        a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an amino        group, an amino group having an alkyl group which has 1 to 6        carbon numbers as substituent, a cyano group, a thiol group, a        monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclic        acetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate, or a group        derived from cyclic carboxylate, or a cycloalkyl group having 5        to 6 carbon numbers, which has an alkyl group having 1 to 3        carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group as        substituent, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a        monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclic        acetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate or a group derived        from cyclic carboxylate]”.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, a practical electrochemical devicecapable of attaining rapid charge-discharge can be provided, becausedissolution and deposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably,and it has higher current density of at least over ±1 mA, as comparedwith a conventional electrolytic solution, as well as very small iondiffusion resistance. Still more, the present invention is capable ofpreparing a magnesium ion battery having high charging voltage, becausethe electrolytic solution has a high decomposition voltage of 4.2 V orhigher. In addition, the present invention is capable of providing anelectrolytic solution having high safety, because of using a simplemagnesium salt as a supporting electrolyte, without using a waterprohibitive compound or an organometal compound having inflammability.In addition, the present invention is capable of selecting variousorganic solvents as a solvent, by using the electrolytic solution usinga complex.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 represents a graph of measurement of the cyclic voltammetry (CV)using the electrolytic solution 1 ((Mg(OTf)₂)/2-methoxyethanolsolution), obtained from Example 82.

FIG. 2 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 1 ((Mg(OTf)₂)/2-methoxyethanol solution), in which measurementrange is enlarged to 4.2 V, obtained from Example 83.

FIG. 3 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 2 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycol solution), obtained from Example84.

FIG. 4 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 3 (Mg(OTf)₂/methyl glycolate solution), obtained from Example85.

FIG. 5 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 4 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-ethoxyethanol solution), obtained from Example86.

FIG. 6 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 7 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol solution), obtained fromExample 87.

FIG. 7 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 9 (Mg(OTf)₂/1-methoxy-2-propanol solution), obtained fromExample 88.

FIG. 8 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 13 (Mg(OTf)₂/acetic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester solution),obtained from Example 89.

FIG. 9 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 15 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-(allyloxy)ethanol), obtained from Example 90.

FIG. 10 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 17 (Mg(OTf)₂/cis-2-butene-1,4-diol solution), obtained fromExample 91.

FIG. 11 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 25 (Mg(OTf)₂/pinacol:ethylene glycol mixed solution), obtainedfrom Example 92.

FIG. 12 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 28 (Mg(OTf)₂/hydroxyacetone solution), obtained from Example93.

FIG. 13 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 29 (Mg(OTf)₂/4-hydroxy-2-butanone solution), obtained fromExample 94.

FIG. 14 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 33 (Mg(OTf)₂/dimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate solution),obtained from Example 95.

FIG. 15 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 41 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-(dimethylamino)ethanol solution), obtained fromExample 96.

FIG. 16 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 45 (Mg(OTf)₂/3-hydroxypropionitrile solution), obtained fromExample 97.

FIG. 17 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 46 (Mg(OTf)₂/methyl lactate solution), obtained from Example98.

FIG. 18 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 49 (Mg(OTf)₂/glycolic acid:ethylene glycol mixed solution),obtained from Example 99.

FIG. 19 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 50 (Mg(OTf)₂/lactamide:ethylene glycol mixed solution),obtained from Example 100.

FIG. 20 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 51 (Mg(OTf)₂/pantolactone:ethylene glycol mixed solution),obtained from Example 101.

FIG. 21 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 52 (Mg(OTf)₂/catechol:ethylene glycol mixed solution), obtainedfrom Example 102.

FIG. 22 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 53 (Mg(OTf)₂%-aminophenol:ethylene glycol mixed solution),obtained from Example 103.

FIG. 23 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 55(Mg(OTf)₂/1H,1H,11H,11H-dodecafluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol:ethyleneglycol mixed solution), obtained from Example 104.

FIG. 24 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 57 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol 1.0 M solution), obtained fromExample 105.

FIG. 25 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 58 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycol 1.0 M solution), obtained fromExample 106.

FIG. 26 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 59 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethaol:dimethoxyethane (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 107.

FIG. 27 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 60 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethaol:2-methyltetrahydrofuran (1:1)mixed solution), obtained from Example 108.

FIG. 28 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 61 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:diethylene glycol dimethyl ether(1:1) mixed solution), obtained from Example 109.

FIG. 29 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 62 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:propylene carbonate (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 110.

FIG. 30 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 63 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:acetonitrile (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 111.

FIG. 31 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 64 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:γ-butyrolactone (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 112.

FIG. 32 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 65 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:ethanol (1:1) mixed solution),obtained from Example 113.

FIG. 33 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 66 (Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:ethyl acetate (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 114.

FIG. 34 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 67 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycol:acetonitrile (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 115.

FIG. 35 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 68 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycol:propionitrile (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 116.

FIG. 36 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 69(Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium=trifluorometanesulfonate (1:1) mixed solution), obtained from Example 117.

FIG. 37 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 70 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethyleneglycol:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium=trifluorometane sulfonate (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 118.

FIG. 38 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 71 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylneneglycol:tetraethylammonium=trifluorometane sulfonate (1:1) mixedsolution), obtained from Example 119.

FIG. 39 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 72 (MgCl₂/2-methoxyethanol solution), obtained from Example120.

FIG. 40 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 73 (MgBr₂/2-methoxyethanol solution), obtained from Example121.

FIG. 41 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 74 (MgI₂/2-methoxyethanol solution), obtained from Example 122.

FIG. 42 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 79 (Mg(BF₄)₂/ethylene glycol solution), obtained from Example123.

FIG. 43 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 81 (Mg(TFSI)₂/ethylene glycol solution), obtained from Example124.

FIG. 44 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution (BuMgCl/THF solution), obtained from Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 45 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution (PhMgCl/THF solution), obtained from Comparative Example 2.

FIG. 46 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution (Bu₄NClO₄/2-methoxyethanol solution), obtained from ComparativeExample 3.

FIG. 47 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution (Mg(OTf)₂/ethanol solution), obtained from Comparative Example4.

FIG. 48 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution (Mg(OTf)₂/dimethoxyethane solution), obtained from ComparativeExample 5.

FIG. 49 represents a graph of the alternating current impedancemeasurement using the electrolytic solution 2 (Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycolsolution), obtained from Example 125.

FIG. 50 represents a graph of the alternating current impedancemeasurement using the electrolytic solution 3 (Mg(OTf)₂/methyl glycolatesolution), obtained from Example 125.

FIG. 51 represents a graph of the alternating current impedancemeasurement using the electrolytic solution (BuMgCl/THF solution)prepared in Comparative Example 1, obtained from Comparative Example 6.

FIG. 52 represents a chart of total ion peak in the gas generated byheating the complex 1—mass spectrometry, obtained from ExperimentalExample 1.

FIG. 53 represents a chart of fragment ion peak of 2-methoxyethanolextracted from the chart of total ion peak of FIG. 52, obtained fromExperimental Example 1.

FIG. 54 represents a chart of total ion peak in the gas generated byheating the complex 2—mass spectrometry, obtained from ExperimentalExample 2.

FIG. 55 represents a chart of fragment ion peak of2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran extracted from the chart of total ionpeak of FIG. 54, obtained from Experimental Example 2.

FIG. 56 represents a chart of total ion peak in the gas generated byheating the complex 3—mass spectrometry, obtained from ExperimentalExample 3.

FIG. 57 represents a chart of fragment ion peak of ethylene glycolextracted from the chart of total ion peak of FIG. 56, obtained fromExperimental Example 3.

FIG. 58 represents a chart of total ion peak in the gas generated byheating the complex 5—mass spectrometry, obtained from ExperimentalExample 5.

FIG. 59 represents a chart of fragment ion peak of methyl2-hydroxyisoburyrate extracted from the chart of total ion peak of FIG.58, obtained from Experimental Example 5.

FIG. 60 represents a chart of total ion peak in the gas generated byheating the complex 6—mass spectrometry, obtained from ExperimentalExample 6.

FIG. 61 represents a chart of fragment ion peak of 2-ethoxyetanolextracted from the chart of total ion peak of FIG. 60, obtained fromExperimental Example 6.

FIG. 62 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 82 {Mg[(OTf)₂ (2-methoxyethanol)₂ complex]/dimethoxyethanesolution}, obtained from Example 136.

FIG. 63 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 83 {Mg[(OTf)₂ (2-methoxyethanol)₂ complex]/diethylene glycoldimethyl ether solution}, obtained from Example 137.

FIG. 64 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 84 {Mg[(OTf)₂ (2-methoxyethanol)₂ complex]/tetrahydrofuransolution}, obtained from Example 138.

FIG. 65 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution 91 {Mg[(OTf)₂ (ethylene glycol)₂]/dimethoxyethane solution},obtained from Example 139.

FIG. 66 represents a graph of CV measurement using the electrolyticsolution [Mg(acac)₂ complex/tetrahydrofuran solution], obtained fromComparative Example 7.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT

1. Supporting Electrolyte

The supporting electrolyte pertaining to the present invention would bethe one comprising a magnesium salt, specifically, for example, includesthe one comprising at least one kind of magnesium salt represented bythe following general formula [1]Mg▪(X)_(q)  [1][wherein Mg represents a magnesium ion, q represents 1 or 2, when q is1, X represents an oxide ion(O²⁻), a sulfide ion(S²⁻), a sulfate ion(SO₄²⁻), a monohydrogen phosphate ion(HPO₄ ²⁻) or a carbonate ion(CO₃ ²⁻),which is divalent anion, and when q is 2, X represents a perfluoroalkanesulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, abis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ion represented by the followinggeneral formula [7]

(wherein k represents an integer of 1 to 4, F represents a fluorineatom), a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion, an alkane sulfonate ion having 1to 4 carbon atoms, an arene sulfonate ion having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aperfluoroalkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an alkanecarboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an arene carboxylate ionhaving 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an alkoxide ion having 1 to 4 carbonnumbers, a permanganate ion, a perchlorate ion, a tetraphenylborate ion,a tetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion, a hexafluoroarsenateion, a nitrate ion, a dihydrogen phosphate ion, a hydrogen sulfate ion,a hydrogen carbonate ion, a hydrogen sulfide ion, a hydroxide ion(OH⁻),a thiocyanate ion, a cyanide ion(CN⁻), a fluoride ion(F⁻), a chlorideion(Cl⁻), a bromide ion(Br⁻), an iodide ion(I⁻), or a hydride ion(H⁻),which is a monovalent anion]. In the supporting electrolyte pertainingto the present invention, when Grignard reagent is included, Grignardreagent reacts vigorously with a hydroxyl group in the compoundrepresented by the general formula [2], and both of Grignard reagent andthe compound represented by the general formula [2] are decomposed, thusbecome not to function as the electrolytic solution. Moreover, since theperformance of electrochemical device becomes decreased by the influenceof degradation product (hydrocarbon, or the like), the one withoutGrignard reagent is preferable. As the supporting electrolyte pertainingto the present invention, the group composing of only the magnesium saltrepresented by the general formula [1] is particularly preferable.

In the general formula [1], q represents 1 or 2, and preferably 2.

X in the general formula [1] represents a divalent anion when q is 1, amonovalent anion when q is 2, and the monovalent anion is morepreferable.

The perfluoroalkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbersrepresented by X may be any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one,however, straight chained one is preferable. Specifically, it includes,for example, a trifluoromethane sulfonate ion, a pentafluoroethanesulfonate ion, a heptafluoropropane sulfonate ion, a nonafluorobutanesulfonate ion, or the like, and a trifluoromethane sulfonate ion ispreferable.

k in the general formula [7] shown as X represents an integer of 1 to 4,preferably 1 or 2, more preferably 1.

Specific example of bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ion represented bythe general formula [7] includes, for example, abis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ion, abis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide ion, abis(heptafluoropropanesulfonyl)imide ion, abis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)imide ion, or the like, and abis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ion, or the like is preferable.

An alkane sulfonate ion having to 1 to 4 carbon numbers shown as X maybe any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, amethane sulfonate ion, an ethane sulfonate ion, an n-propane sulfonateion, an isopropane sulfonate ion, a cyclopropane sulfonate ion, ann-butane sulfonate ion, or the like.

An arene sulfonate ion having 6 to 10 carbon numbers shown as Xincludes, for example, a benzene sulfonate ion, a naphthalene sulfonateion, or the like.

A perfluoroalkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers shown asX, may be, for example, any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one,however, straight chained one is preferable. Specifically, it includes,for example, a trifluoroacetate ion, a pentafluoropropionate ion, aheptafluorobutyrate ion, nonafluoropentanoate ion, or the like.

An alkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers shown as X may beany of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, anacetate ion, a propionate ion, a butyrate ion, an isobutyrate ion, orthe like.

An arene carboxylate ion having 7 to 11 carbon numbers shown as Xincludes, for example, a benzoate ion, a naphthalene carboxylate ion, orthe like.

An alkoxide ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers shown as X may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained oneis preferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, a methoxide ion,an ethoxide ion, an n-propoxide ion, an isopropoxide ion, an n-butoxideion, an isobutoxide ion, a sec-butoxide ion, a tert-butoxide ion, acyclopropoxide ion, cyclobutoxide ion, or the like.

Among the monovalent anion shown as X, a perfluoroalkane sulfonate ionhaving 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ionrepresented by the general formula [7], a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion,a perfluoroalkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, analkoxide ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a tetraphenylborate ion, atetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion, a perchlorate ion, afluoride ion, a bromide ion, a chloride ion, an iodide ion arepreferable. Among them, a perfluoroalkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4carbon numbers, a bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ion represented bythe general formula [7], a tetrafluoroborate ion, a bromide ion, achloride ion, an iodide ion are particularly preferable, and anperfluoroalkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a bromideion, a chloride ion, an iodide ion are more particularly preferable.

Preferable specific example of magnesium salt represented by the generalformula [1] includes, for example, a magnesium trifuluoromethanesulfonate, a magnesium nonafluorobutane sulfonate, a magnesiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, magnesiumbis(nonafluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, a magnesiumbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, a magnesium trifluoroacetate, a magnesiumpentafluoropropionate, a magnesium ethoxide, magnesium tetraphenylborate, a magnesium tetrafluoroborate, a magnesium hexafluorophosphate,a magnesium perchlorate, a a magnesium fluoride, a magnesium bromide, amagnesium chloride, a magnesium iodide, or the like. Among them, amagnesium trifuluoromethane sulfonate, a magnesiumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, a magnesium tetrafluoroborate, amagnesium bromide, a magnesium chloride, magnesium iodide areparticularly preferable.

2. compound

1 of the general formula [2] represents an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1is preferable, 1 is more preferable.

m of the general formula [2] represents an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1is preferable.

n of the general formula [2] represents an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1is preferable, 0 is more preferable.

An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₁ to R₆ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained oneis preferable, and the one having 1 to 3 is preferable. Specifically,for example, it includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propylgroup, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, asec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentylgroup, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, ann-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group,a neohexyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group or the like, and a methyl group is preferable.

A halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₁ to R₆ includesthe one in which a hydrogen atom of the above alkyl group having 1 to 6carbon numbers in R₁ to R₆ is substituted with a halogen atom, and maybe any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable, and the one having 1 to 3 carbon numbers ispreferable. It should be noted that, a hydrogen atom to be substitutedwith a halogen atom may be a part or all of hydrogen atom in an alkylgroup, the one in which all of hydrogen atoms are substituted with ahalogen atoms is preferable. The above halogen atom includes a fluorineatom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, or the like, anda fluorine atom is preferable. Specifically, it includes amonofluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group,a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group,a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a monochloromethylgroup, a dichloromethyl group, a trichloromethyl group, a perchloroethylgroup, a perchloropropyl group, a perchlorobutyl group, aperchloropentyl group, a perchlorohexyl group, a monobromomethyl group,a dibromomethyl group, a tribromomethyl group, a perbromoethyl group, aperbromopropyl group, a perbromobutyl group, a perbromopentyl group, aperbromohexyl group, a monoiodomethyl group, a diiodomethyl group, atriiodomethyl group, a periodoethyl group, a periodopropyl group, aperiodobutyl group, a periodopentyl group, a periodohexyl group, or thelike, and a trifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, aperfluoropropyl group are preferable.

R₁ or R₂ in the general formula [2] preferably represents atrifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group,a methyl group or a hydrogen atom, more preferably a hydrogen atom or amethyl group, particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.

A halogen atom in R₃ to R₆ of the general formula [2] represents afluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom or thelike, preferably a fluorine atom is preferable.

R₃ to R₆ of the general formula [2] preferably represents atrifluoromethyl group, a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group,a methyl group, a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom, more preferably amethyl group or a hydrogen atom, particularly preferably a hydrogenatom.

An alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₇ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained oneis preferable, and the one having 1 to 3 carbon numbers is preferable.Specifically, it includes, for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, anisobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, an n-pentyloxygroup, an isopentyloxy group, a sec-pentyloxy group, a tert-pentyloxygroup, a neopentyloxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, an isohexyloxy group,a sec-hexyloxy group, a tert-hexyloxy group, a neohexyloxy group, acyclopropoxy group, a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, orthe like. Among them, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxygroup, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, orthe like are preferable, and a methoxy group and an ethoxy group aremore preferable.

An aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a benzyloxy group, a phenethyloxy group, a phenyl-n-propoxygroup, a naphthylmethoxy group, a naphthylethoxy group, or the like.

An aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a phenyloxy group, a naphthyloxy group, or the like.

An aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers which has a halogen atomas substituent in R₇ includes the one in which hydrogen atoms of theabove aryloxy group having 6 to 10 of carbon numbers are substituted, itmay be any of the one in which a part of hydrogen atoms were substitutedin an aryl group or the one in which all of hydrogen atoms weresubstituted, however, the one in which all of hydrogen atoms weresubstituted is preferable. Said halogen atom includes a fluorine atom, achlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom or the like, and afluorine atom is preferable. An aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbonnumbers which has a halogen atom as substituent specifically includes,for example, a monofluorophenyloxy group, a difluorophenyloxy group, atrifluorophenyloxy group, a tetrafluorophenyloxy group, apentafluorophenyloxy group, a heptafluoronaphthyloxy group, apentabromophenyloxy group, a heptabromonaphthyloxy group, apentachlorophenyloxy group, a heptachloronaphthyloxy group, or the like,and a pentafluorophenyloxy group is preferable.

An alkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a vinyloxy group, a 1-propenyloxy group, an allyloxy group, a2-methylallyloxy, a 3-methylallyloxy group, or the like.

A hydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a hydroxyvinyl group, a 3-hydroxy-1-propenyl group, a3-hydroxy-2-propenyl group, a 4-hydroxy-1-butenyl group, a4-hydroxy-2-butenyl group, or the like, and a 3-hydroxy-1-propenyl groupis preferable.

An alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, and the straight chained oneis preferable, however, the one having 2 to 5 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, a methylcarbonylgroup, an ethylcarbonyl group, an n-propylcarbonyl group, anisopropylcarbonyl group, an n-butylcarbonyl group, an isobutylcarbonylgroup, a sec-butylcarbonyl group, a tert-butylcarbonyl group, ann-pentylcarbonyl group, an isopentylcarbonyl group, a sec-pentylcarbonylgroup, a tert-pentylcarbonyl group, a neopentylcarbonyl group, ann-hexylcarbonyl group, an isohexylcarbonyl group, a sec-hexylcarbonylgroup, a tert-hexylcarbonyl group, a neohexylcarbonyl group, acyclopropylcarbonyl group, a cyclobutylcarbonyl group, acyclopentylcarbonyl group, a cyclohexylcarbonyl, group, or the like.Among them, a methylcarbonyl group, an ethylcarbonyl group and ann-propylcarbonyl group are preferable, and a methylcarbonyl group ismore preferable.

An alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ may be anyof straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chainedone is preferable, and the one having 2 to 5 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, a methylcarbonyloxygroup, an ethylcarbonyloxy group, an n-propylcarbonyloxy group, anisopropylcarbonyloxy group, an n-butylcarbonyloxy group, anisobutylcarbonyloxy group, a sec-butylcarbonyloxy group, atert-butylcarbonyloxy group, an n-pentylcarbonyloxy group, anisopentylcarbonyloxy group, a sec-pentylcarbonyloxy group, atert-pentylcarbonyloxy group, a neopentylcarbonyloxy group, ann-hexylcarbonyloxy group, an isohexylcarbonyloxy group, asec-hexylcarbonyloxy group, a tert-hexylcarbonyloxy group, aneohexylcarbonyloxy group, a cyclopropylcarbonyloxy group, acyclobutylcarbonyloxy group, a cyclopentylcarbonyloxy group, acyclohexylcarbonyloxygroup, or the like. Among them, a methylcarbonyloxygroup, an ethylcarbonyloxy group and an n-propylcarbonyloxygroup arepreferable, and a methylcarbonyloxy group is more preferable.

An alkenylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 in R₇ includes, for example, avinylcarbonyloxy group, a 1-propenylcarbonyloxy group, a2-methylpropenylcarbonyloxy group, or the like.

An alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained oneis preferable, and the one having 2 to 5 carbon numbers is preferable.Specifically, it includes, for example, a methoxycarbonyl group, anethoxycarbonyl group, an n-propoxycarbonyl group, isopropoxycarbonylgroup, an n-butoxycarbonyl group, isobutoxycarbonyl group, asec-butoxycarbonyl group, a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, ann-pentyloxycarbonyl group, an isopentyloxycarbonyl group, asec-pentyloxycarbonyl group, a tert-pentyloxycarbonyl group, aneopentyloxycarbonyl group, an n-hexyloxycarbonyl group, anisohexyloxycarbonyl group, a sec-hexyloxycarbonyl group, atert-hexyloxycarbonyl group, a neohexyloxycarbonyl group, acyclopropoxycarbonyl group, a cyclopentyloxycarbonyl group, acyclohexyloxycarbonyl group, or the like. Among them, a methoxycarbonylgroup, an ethoxycarbonyl group and an n-propoxycarbonyl group arepreferable, and a methoxycarbonyl group is more preferable.

An alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers in R₇ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, and straight chained one ispreferable. Specifically, it includes for example, a methylsulfonylgroup, an ethylsulfonyl group, an n-propylsulfonyl group, ann-butylsulfonyl group, an isobutylsulfonyl group, a sec-butylsulfonylgroup, a tert-butylsulfonyl group, a cyclopropylsulfonyl group, or thelike.

An alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₇ may be any ofstraight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained oneis preferable, and the one having 1 to 4 carbon numbers is preferable.Specifically, it includes for example, a trimethylsilyloxy group, atriethylsilyloxy group, a triisopropylsilyloxy group, atert-butyldimethylsilyloxy group, or the like.

An alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers in R₇ includes amethylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, anisopropylthio group, an n-butylthio group, an isobutylthio group, asec-butylthio group, a tert-butylthio group, or the like.

An arylcarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a phenylcarbonyl group, a naphthylcarbonyl group, or the like.

An arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers in R₇ includes,for example, a phenylcarbonyloxy group, a naphthylcarbonyloxy group, orthe like.

An aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers in R₇ includes,for example, a phenyloxycarbonyl group, a naphthyloxycarbonyl group, orthe like.

A hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₇ specificallyincludes, for example, a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group, ahydroxypropyl group, a hydroxybutyl group, a hydroxypentyl group, ahydroxyhexyl group, or the like.

An alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ specificallyincludes, for example, a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, amethoxy-n-propyl group, a methoxyisopropyl group, an ethoxymethyl group,an ethoxyethyl group, an ethoxy-n-propyl group, an ethoxyisopropylgroup, an n-propoxymethyl group, an n-propoxyethyl group, ann-propoxy-n-propyl group, an n-propoxyisopropyl group, anisopropoxymethyl group, an isopropoxyethyl group, an isopropoxy-n-propylgroup, an isopropoxyisopropyl group, an n-butoxymethyl group, ann-butoxyethyl group, an n-butoxy-n-propyl group, an n-butoxyisopropylgroup, or the like.

An arylalkenyloxy group having 8 to 13 carbon numbers in R₇ includes,for example, a cinnamyloxy group, a β-styrenyloxy group, or the like.

An alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₇ may be anyof straight chained, branched or cyclic one, and straight chained one ispreferable and the one having 2 to 4 carbon numbers is preferable.Specifically, it includes, for example, a methylsulfonyloxy group, anethylsulfonyloxy group, an n-propylsulfonyloxy group, atert-butylsulfonyloxy group, an n-butylsulfonyloxy group, anisobutylsulfonyloxy group, an n-pentylsulfonyloxy group, acyclopropylsulfonyloxy group, a cyclohexylsulfonyloxy group, or thelike.

A hydroxyaralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers in R₇ includes,for example, a hydroxybenzyloxy group, a hydroxyphenethyl group, ahydroxyphenyl-n-propyloxy group, a hydroxynaphthylmethyloxy group, ahydroxynaphthylethyloxy group, or the like.

A hydroxyaryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a hydroxyphenyl group, a hydroxynaphthyl group, or the like.

A hydroxyaryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a hydroxyphenyloxy group, a hydroxynaphthyloxy group, or thelike.

A hydroxyalkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ may beany of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable, and the one having 2 to 5 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, ahydroxymethylcarbonyl group, a hydroxyethylcarbonyl group, ahydroxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, a hydroxyisopropylcarbonyl group, ahydroxy-n-butylcarbonyl group, a hydroxyisobutylcarbonyl group, ahydroxy-sec-butylcarbonyl group, a hydroxy-tert-butylcarbonylgroup, ahydroxy-n-pentylcarbonyl group, a hydroxyisopentylcarbonyl group, ahydroxy-sec-pentylcarbonyl group, a hydroxy-tert-pentylcarbonyl group, ahydroxyneopentylcarbonyl group, a hydroxy-n-hexylcarbonyl group, ahydroxyisohexylcarbonyl group, a hydroxy-sec-hexylcarbonyl group, ahydroxy-tert-hexylcarbonyl group, a hydroxyneohexylcarbonyl group, ahydroxycyclopropylcarbonyl group, a hydroxycyclobutylcarbonyl group, ahydroxycyclopentylcarbonyl group, a hydroxycyclohexylcarbonyl group, orthe like.

An alkoxyarylalkyloxy group having 8 to 16 carbon numbers in R₇includes, for example, a methoxyphenylmethyloxy group, adimethoxyphenylmethyloxy group, an ethoxyphenylmethyloxy group, ann-propoxyphenylmethyloxy group, a methoxyphenylethyloxy group, adimethoxyphenylethyloxy group, an ethoxyphenylethyloxy group, ann-propoxyphenylethyloxy group, a methoxynaphthylmethyloxy group, amethoxynaphthylethyloxy group, a methoxynaphthylpropyloxy group, anethoxynaphthylmethyloxy group, an ethoxynaphthylethyloxy group, anethoxynaphthylpropyloxy group, or the like.

An alkoxyaryl group having 7 to 13 in R₇ includes, for example, amethoxyphenyl group, a dimethoxyphenyl group, an ethoxyphenyl group, ann-propoxyphenyl group, a methoxynaphthyl group, an ethoxynaphthyl group,an n-propoxynaphthyl group, or the like.

An alkoxyaryloxy group having 7 to 13 in R₇ includes, for example, amethoxyphenyloxy group, a dimethoxyphenyloxy group, an ethoxyphenyloxygroup, an n-propoxyphenyloxy group, a methoxynaphthyloxy group, anethoxynaphthyloxy group, an n-propoxynaphthyloxy group, or the like.

An alkoxyalkenyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ includes, forexample, a methoxyvinyl group, an ethoxyvinyl group, a propoxyvinylgroup, a methoxy-1-propenyl group, an ethoxy-1-propenyl group, apropoxy-1-propenyl group, or the like.

An alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ maybe any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable, and the one having 3 to 6 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, amethoxymethylcarbonyloxy group, a methoxyethylcarbonyloxy group, amethoxy-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, a methoxyisopropylcarbonyloxy group,an ethoxymethylcarbonyloxy group, an ethoxyethylcarbonyloxy group, anethoxy-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, an ethoxyisopropylcarbonyloxy group,an n-propoxymethylcarbonyloxy group, an n-propoxyethylcarbonyloxy group,an n-propoxy-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, an n-propoxyisopropylcarbonyloxygroup, an isopropoxymethylcarbonyloxy group, anisopropoxyethylcarbonyloxy group, an isopropoxy-n-propylcarbonyloxygroup, an isopropoxyisopropylcarbonyloxy group, ann-butoxymethylcarbonyloxy group, an n-butoxyethylcarbonyloxy group, ann-butoxy-n-propylcarbonyloxy group, an n-butoxyisopropylcarbonyloxygroup, or the like.

An alkoxyalkenylcarbonyloxy group having 4 to 8 carbon numbers in R₇includes, for example, a methoxyvinylcarbonyloxy group, anethoxyvinylcarbonyloxy group, a propoxyvinylcarbonyloxy group, amethoxy-1-propenylcarbonyloxy group, an ethoxy-1-propenylcarbonyloxygroup, a propoxy-1-propenylcarbonyloxy group, or the like.

An alkoxyalkyloxycarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ maybe any of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable, and the one having 3 to 6 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, amethoxyethyloxycarbonyl group, a methoxy-n-propyloxycarbonyl group, amethoxyisopropyloxycarbonyl group, an ethoxyethyloxycarbonyl group, anethoxy-n-propyloxycarbonyl group, an ethoxyisopropyloxycarbonyl group,an n-propoxyethyloxycarbonyl group, an n-propoxy-n-propyloxycarbonylgroup, an n-propoxyisopropyloxycarbonyl group, anisopropoxyethyloxycarbonyl group, an isopropoxy-n-propyloxycarbonylgroup, an isopropoxyisopropyloxycarbonyl group, ann-butoxyethyloxycarbonyl group, an n-butoxy-n-propyloxycarbonyl group,an n-butoxyisopropyloxycarbonyl group, or the like.

An alkoxyalkylcarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers in R₇ may beany of straight chained, branched or cyclic one, however, straightchained one is preferable, and the one having 3 to 6 carbon numbers ispreferable. Specifically, it includes, for example, amethoxymethylcarbonyl group, a methoxyethylcarbonyl group, amethoxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, a methoxyisopropylcarbonyl group, anethoxymethylcarbonyl group, an ethoxyethylcarbonyl group, anethoxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, an ethoxyisopropylcarbonyl group, ann-propoxymethylcarbonyl group, an n-propoxyethylcarbonyl group, ann-propoxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, an n-propoxyisopropylcarbonyl group,isopropoxymethylcarbonyl group, an isopropoxyethylcarbonyl group, anisopropoxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, an isopropoxyisopropylcarbonyl group,an n-butoxymethylcarbonyl group, an n-butoxyethylcarbonyl group, ann-butoxy-n-propylcarbonyl group, an n-butoxyisopropylcarbonyl group, orthe like.

An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers in R₈ and R₉ of the generalformula [3] in R₇ includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propylgroup, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or thelike, and a methyl group is preferable.

Preferable specific example of a phosphono group represented by thegeneral formula [3] in R₇ includes, for example, a phosphono group, adimethylphosphono group, a diethylphosphono group, or the like, and adimethylphosphono group is preferable.

An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers in R₁₀ and R₁₁ of thegeneral formula [3] in R₇ includes the same one as the alkyl grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon numbers in the above R₅ and R₆.

Preferable specific example of an amide group represented by the generalformula [4] in R₇ includes, for example, an amide group, ann-methylamide group, a N,N-dimethylamide group, or the like.

An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers in R₁₂ and R₁₃ of thegeneral formula [5] in R₇ includes the same one as the alkyl grouphaving 1 to 4 carbon numbers in the above R₅ and R₆.

Preferable specific example of a carbamide group represented by thegeneral formula [5] in R₇ includes, for example, an acetamide group, ann-methylacetamide group, or the like.

p of the general formula [6] in R₇ represents an integer of 1 to 6,preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1.

An alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers in R₁₄ of the generalformula [6] in R₇ includes a methylene group, an ethylene group, ann-propylene group, or the like, among them, a methylene group, anethylene group are preferable, and an ethylene group is more preferable.

A halogenoalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers in R₁₄ of thegeneral formula [6] in R₇ includes the one in which a part or all ofhydrogen atoms of the above alkylene group are substituted with halogenatoms. Said halogen atom represents a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, abromine atom, an iodine atom or the like, and a fluorine atom ispreferable. Said halogenoalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbersspecifically includes a monofluoromethylene group, a difluoromethylenegroup, a trifluoromethylenea group, a monofluoroethylene group, adifluoroethylene group, a trifluoroethylene group, a perfluoroethylenegroup, a perfluoropropylene group, a dichloromethylene group, atrichloromethylene group, a perchloroethylene group, aperchloropropylene group, a monobromomethylene group, a dibromomethylenegroup, a tribromomethylene group, a perbromoethylene group, aperbromopropylene group, a monoiodomethylene group, a diiodomethylenegroup, a triiodomethylene group, a periodoethylene group, aperiodopropylene group, or the like, and a monofluoroethylene group, adifluoroethylene group, a trifluoroethylene group, a perfluoroethylenegroup are preferable.

An alkyl group and a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers inR₁₅ of the general formula [6] in R₇ includes the same alkyl group and ahalogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers as in R₃, R₄, R₅, andR₆, and the preferable group is also the same one.

An amino group which has an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms assubstituent in R₇ includes methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine,diethylamine, methylethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine,n-butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, or the like, among them,methylamine, dimethylamine are preferable.

A monocyclic heterocyclic group in R₇ preferably includes 5 memberedring or 6-membered ring, specifically, it includes the group derivedfrom the saturated hetero ring such as pyrrolidine, imidazolidine,pyrazolidine, piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, sulfolan,pentamethylenesulfone, dioxane, for example, the group derived from theunsaturated hetero ring such as pyridine, pyrrole, pyrroline, imidazole,imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole,oxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, furan, pyran, thiophene, or the like.Among them, pyrrolidine, dioxane, pyridine, imidazole, furan, thiophene,or the like are more preferable.

The group derived from the cyclic acetal in R₇ includes, for example,the one having 3 to 6 carbon numbers, specifically, for example,included a dioxolanyl group, a dioxanyl group, and a dioxolanyl group ispreferable.

The group derived from the cyclic carbonate ester includes the groupderived from vinylene carbonate, the group derived from ethylenecarbonate (1,3-dioxolane-2-one), the group derived from propylenecarbonate, or the like. The group derived from ethylene carbonate ispreferable.

The group derived from cyclic carboxylate ester in R₇ includes, forexample, the group derived from lactone compound having 3 to 9 carbonnumbers, specifically, it includes, for example, the group derived fromγ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, ε-caprolactone.

An alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers, which is a substituent of acycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon numbers, an aryl group having 6 to10 carbon bumbers, a monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived fromcyclic acetal or a group derived from cyclic carboxylate ester, in R₇includes, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropylgroup, an n-propyl group or the like, among them, a methyl group ispreferable.

A cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon numbers, which has an alkylgroup having 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl groupas substituent, in R₇ includes a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexylgroup, which has 1 to 6 substituents such as an alkyl group having 1 to3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group, and a hydroxylgroup is preferable as substituent, and the one having 1 to 2substituents is preferable. Specifically, it includes amonohydroxycyclohexyl group, a dihydroxycyclohexyl group, amonohydroxycyclopentyl group, a dihydroxycyclopentyl group, amonoaminocyclohexyl group, a diaminocyclohexyl group, amonoaminocyclopentyl group, a diaminocyclopentyl group, amethylcyclohexyl group, a dimethylcyclohexyl group, a methylcyclopentylgroup, a dimethylcyclopentyl group or the like.

An aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, which has an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group assubstituent, in R₇ includes, for example, an aminophenyl group, amonohydroxyphenyl group, a dihydroxyphenyl group, a methylphenyl group,a dimethylphenyl group, or the like, among them, an aminophenyl group, amonohydroxyphenyl group are preferable.

A monocyclic heterocyclic group, which has an alkyl group having 1 to 3carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group as substituent, in R₇includes the one in which 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms, preferably 1 to 2hydrogen atoms, more preferably 1 hydrogen atom of the above monocyclicheterocyclic group are substituted. As substituent, a hydroxyl group ispreferable.

The group derived from cyclic acetal, which has an alkyl group having 1to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group as substituent,in R₇ includes the group derived from the above cyclic acetal in which 1to 2 hydrogen atoms, preferably 1 hydrogen atom is substituted.

The group derived from cyclic carbonate ester, which has an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group assubstituent, in R₇ includes the group derived from the above cycliccarbonate ester in which 1 to 2 hydrogen atoms, preferably 1 hydrogenatom is substituted.

The group derived from cyclic carboxylate ester, which has an alkylgroup having 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl groupas substituent, in R₇ includes the group derived from the above cycliccarboxylate ester in which 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms, preferably 1 to 2hydrogen atoms is substituted. As substituent, an alkyl group having 1to 3 carbon numbers is preferable, specifically, a methyl group ispreferable.

Among the specific example of the above-described R₇, an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers; an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbonnumbers; an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers; an aryloxygroup having 6 to 10 carbon numbers which has a halogen atom assubstituent; an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers; ahydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers; an alkylcarbonylgroup having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2to 7 carbon numbers; an alkenylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbonnumbers; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; analkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers; an alkylsilyloxy grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers; an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbonnumbers; the group represented by the general formula [3]; the grouprepresented by the general formula [4]; the group represented by thegeneral formula [5]; the group represented by the general formula [6]; ahydroxyl group; carboxyl group; an amino group; an amino group which hasan alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers as substituent; cyano group;a monocyclic heterocyclic group; a group derived from cyclic acetal; acycloalkyl group which has an alkyl group, an amino group or a hydroxylgroup as substituent; an aryl group having a hydroxyl group assubstituent; or a monocyclic heterocyclic group having a hydroxyl groupas substituent are preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers; an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; analkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers; a hydroxyalkenyl grouphaving 2 to 4 carbon numbers; an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7carbon numbers; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers;the group represented by the general formula [3]; the group representedby the general formula [6]; a hydroxyl group or cyano group is morepreferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers; analkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; an alkylcarbonylgroup having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to7 carbon numbers; or a hydroxyl group is particularly preferable.

Preferable specific example of the compound represented by the generalformula [2] includes, for example, the compound represented by thefollowing general formula [2-1]:

(wherein m, R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₇ are the same one as the above).

The preferable ones of m, R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₇ in the general formula [2-1]are the same one as in the above general formula [2].

Preferable specific example of the general formula [2-1] includes, forexample, hydroxyacetone, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-butanone,5-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 5-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 5-hydroxy-4-pentanone,2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-n-propoxyethanol,2-isopropoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, methylglycolate, ethyl glycolate, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol,1-methoxy-2-propanol, acetic acid 3-hydroxypropyl ester, acetic acid2-hydroxyethyl ester, 2-hydroxypropyl acetate, methyl2-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, cis-2-butene-1,4-diol,1-methoxy-2-propanol, methyl lactate, 2-(aryloxy)ethanol or the like,among them, hydroxyacetone, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-hydroxy-3-butanone,5-hydroxy-2-pentanone, 5-hydroxy-3-pentanone, 5-hydroxy-4-pentanone,2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-n-propoxyethanol,2-isopropoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, methylglycolate, ethyl glycolate are preferable.

3. Organic Solvent Pertaining to the Present Invention

In the electrolytic solution of the present invention, further, organicsolvent may be added, other than the compound represented by the abovegeneral formula [2]. Said organic solvent is preferably used whenviscosity of the compound represented by the general formula [2] ishigh, or the like. When the organic solvent pertaining to the presentinvention is added, it is possible to exhibit higher current density,thus the one including organic solvent is preferable.

Said organic solvent includes, for example, the one composed of one ormore kinds of solvents selected from ether type solvent, alcohol typesolvent, carbonate type solvent, ester type solvent, nitrile typesolvent, sulfone type solvent, halogen type solvent, hydrocarbon typesolvent, ionic liquid (ordinary temperature molten salt). Said ethertype solvent, includes, for example, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran,2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diisopropyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane,diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, orthe like; alcohol type solvent includes, for example, methanol, ethanol,1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, cyclopentanol,1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, or the like; carbonate type solvent includes,for example, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methylcarbonate, propylene carbonate, or the like; ester type solventincludes, for example, methyl formate, ethyl formate, butyl format,methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethylpropionate, butyl propionate, butyrolactone, or the like; nitrile typesolvent includes, for example, acetonitrile, propionitrile,butyronitrile, succinonitrile, pimelonitrile, or the like; sulfone typesolvent includes, for example, dimethylsulfone, diethylsulfone,sulfolane, dipropylsulfone, or the like; halogen type solvent includes,for example, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, or the like; hydrocarbon type solventincludes, for example, n-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane,n-heptane, n-octane, isooctane, benzene, toluene, xylene, or the like;ionic liquid (ordinary temperature molten salt) includes, for example,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate,1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate,1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide,tetraethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or the like. In the aboveorganic solvent, ether type solvent, alcohol type solvent, carbonatetype solvent, ester type solvent, nitrile type solvent, ionic liquid(ordinary temperature molten salt), or the like are preferable, amongthem, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethyleneglycoldimethyl ether, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, butyrolactone,ethanol or ethyl acetate, propionitrile, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, or tetraethylammoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, or the like are more preferable, andacetonitrile, propionitrile, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate, or tetraethylammoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate are particularly preferable.

In the case of using the above organic solvent, use amount thereof maybe, depending on the object, such an amount that decreases viscosity ofthe electrolytic solution. The use amount of the organic solvent may be,preferably 90 v/v % or lower, and more preferably 80 v/v % or lower inthe electrolytic solution.

4. The Electrolytic Solution of the Present Invention

The electrolytic solution of the present invention is the one includinga supporting electrolyte composed of the above magnesium salt, and atleast one or more kinds of compound represented by the above generalformula [2].

Concentration of the supporting electrolyte in the electrolytic solutionof the present invention is usually 0.1 to 5.0 mol/L, preferably 0.1 to3.0 mol/L and more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mol/L.

The electrolytic solution of the present invention may include theadditives such as a film forming agent, an over-charge prevention agent,a deoxidizing agent, a dehydration agent, a flame retardant.

5. A Preparation Method for the Electrolytic Solution

As for the preparation method for the electrolytic solution, thesupporting electrolyte pertaining to the present invention may bedissolved, so as to attain the above concentration, into a mixedsolution of the compound represented by the general formula [2], or thecompound represented by the general formula [2] and the above organicsolvent. Specifically, it is performed by dissolving the supportingelctrolyte by contacting these usually at 20 to 120° C., preferably 50to 90° C., and more preferably 60 to 80° C., usually for 1 to 20 hours,preferably 1 to 10 hours, and more preferably 5 to 10 hours. It shouldbe noted that it is preferable for the solution to be subjected todehydration processing, after dissolution, and said dehydrationprocessing may be performed by adding the dehydration agent such as, forexample, a molecular sieve, in an amount of, for example, 0.5 to 10 ginto 20 mL of the electrolytic solution.

Use amount of the compound represented by the above general formula [2]is such an amount, in the case of using only said compound as a solvent,that the supporting electrolyte pertaining to the present inventionattains the above concentration. In addition, in the case of using amixed solution of the compound represented by the above general formula[2] and the organic solvent pertaining to the present invention, as asolvent, use amount of the compound represented by the above generalformula [2] is usually 2 to 30 mol, and preferably 5 to 20 mol, relativeto 1 mol of the supporting electrolyte, and the organic solventpertaining to the present invention may be added in such an amount thatthe supporting electrolyte pertaining to the present invention attainsthe above concentration.

6. The Electrolytic Solution Prepared from a Complex

The supporting electrolyte composed of a magnesium salt in theelectrolytic solution of the present invention is considered to form amagnesium complex by binding with the compound represented by the abovegeneral formula [2]. Therefore, the electrolytic solution of the presentinvention may be prepared by preparing, in advance, such a magnesiumcomplex (hereafter it may be abbreviated as the magnesium complexpertaining to the present invention), and dissolving said complexpertaining to the present invention into the organic solvent pertainingto the present invention. In the case of preparing the electrolyticsolution using the complex pertaining to the present invention, thecomplex may be dissolved into the compound pertaining to the presentinvention, the organic solvent pertaining to the present invention orthe mixed solution thereof, so that, for example, concentration of thecomplex attains the same concentration range of the supportingelectrolyte in the above electrolytic solution of the present invention.

Said complex may be the complex in which 2 molecules of the generalformula [2] is coordinated to 1 molecule of the magnesium saltrepresented by the general formula [1], specifically, the complexrepresented by the following general formula [10],

(wherein Mg, X, q, l, m, n, R₁ to R₇ are the same one as the above,however, coordination bond between R₇ and a magnesium ion represents thebind between an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, or anitrogen atom in R₇ and the magnesium ion) is included.Specific example of X, q, l, m, n, R₁ to R₇ in the complex representedby the above general formula [10] includes the same one as the onedescribed in the above paragraph 1. Supporting electrolyte, and theparagraph 2. Compound.

Specific example of the complex represented by the general formula [10]includes the complex represented by the following general formula[10-1]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are the same one as the above; Yrepresents an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom; R₂₁ represents a bond, analkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers or alkenylene group having 2to 4 carbon numbers; R₂₂ represents, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers, aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbonnumbers, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, alkenyl grouphaving 2 to 4 carbon numbers, arylalkenyl group having 8 to 13 carbonnumbers, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers; R₂₁ mayform a monocyclic heterocyclic group together with R₂₂ and Y, in such acase, R₂₁ may be a methylene group);the complex represented by the following general formula [10-2]:

[wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are the same one as the above; R₂₃represents an oxygen atom, the group shown as the following generalformula [8]:

(wherein R₁₂ is the same one as the above) or bond; R₂₄ represents analkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6carbon numbers, a hydroxy group, the group shown in the followinggeneral formula [9]:

(wherein R₁₀ and R₁₁ are the same one as the above). R₂₄ may form acyclic carbonate ester group or a cyclic carboxylic acid ester grouptogether with R₂₃ and a carbonyl group, in such a case, R₁₁ may be amethylene group. When m is O, R₂₄, a carbonyl group, R₂₃, carbon atombinding to R₁ and R₂, and R₂ may form a cyclic carboxylic acid estergroup];

The complex represented by the following general formula [10-3]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂, R₃, R₈ and R₉ are the same one as theabove);

The complex represented by the following general formula [10-4]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are the same one as the above, Arepresents a bond or an oxygen atom, R₂₅ represents a hydroxyl group oran alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers);

The complex represented by the following general formula [10-5]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are the same one as the above);

The complex represented by the following general formula [10-6]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are the same one as the above).

An alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers in R₂₁ of the abovegeneral formula [10-1] includes, for example, a methylene group, anethylene group, an n-propylene group, or the like.

Alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers in R₂₁ of the abovegeneral formula [10-1] includes, for example, a vinylene group, a1-propenylene group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylene group, a3-methyl-2-propenylene group, or the like.

The bond of R₂₁ in the above general formula [10-1] means that atoms ofeither side of R₂₁ are bonded, specifically, the structure:

is shown. It should be noted that, bond in the present descriptionrepresents, hereinafter, the same one.

When R₂₁ form a monocyclic heterocyclic group together with R₂₂ and Y,as a monocyclic heterocyclic group, 5-membered ring or 6-membered ringis preferable, specifically, it includes the group derived from thesaturated hetero ring such as pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine,piperazine, piperidine, morpholine, tetrahydrofurn, tetrahydroropyran,tetrahydrorothiophene, tetrahydrorothiopyran, sulfolane,pentamethylenesulfone, for example, the group derived from theunsaturated hetero ring such as pyrrole, pyrroline, imidazole,imidazoline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazole,oxazol, thiazol, isothiazol, furanpyran, thiophene, or the like. Itshould be noted that, in this case, R₂₁ represents a bond or a methylenegroup.

An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₂₂ may be straightchained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained one ispreferable, and the one having 1 to 3 carbon numbers is preferablyincluded, specifically, it includes, for example, a methyl group, anethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, anisobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentylgroup, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, aneopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group,a tert-hexyl group, a neohexyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutylgroup, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or the like.

Aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers in R₂₂ includes, forexample, a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenyl-n-propyl group, anaphthylmethyl group, a naphthylethyl group, or the like.

An aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers in R₂₂ includes, forexample, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or the like.

Alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers in R₂₂ includes, for example,a vinyl group, a 1-propenyl group, an allyl group, a 2-methyl-2-propenylgroup, a 3-methyl-2-propenyl group.

Arylalkenyl group having 8 to 13 carbon numbers in R₂₂ includes, forexample, a cinnamyl group, β-styrenyl group, or the like.

As an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers in R₂₂, the onehaving 3 to 6 carbon numbers is preferable, specifically, it includes,for example, a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, amethoxy-n-propyl group, a methoxyisopropyl group, an ethoxymethyl group,an ethoxyethyl group, an ethoxy-n-propyl group, an ethoxyisopropylgroup, an n-prpoxymethyl group, an n-prpoxyethyl group, ann-prpoxy-n-propyl group, an n-prpoxyisopropyl group, an isoprpoxymethylgroup, an isoprpoxyethyl group, an isoprpoxy-n-propyl group, anisoprpoxyisopropyl group, an n-butoxymethyl group, an n-butoxyethylgroup, an n-butoxy-n-propyl group, an n-butoxyisopropyl group, or thelike.

An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₂₄ of the above generalformula [10-2] includes the same one as the alkyl group having 1 to 6carbon numbers in the above R₂₂.

An alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers in R₂₄ may be straightchained, branched or cyclic one, however, straight chained one ispreferable, and the one having 1 to 3 carbon numbers is preferable.Specifically, it includes, for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, an n-prpoxy group, an isoprpoxy group, an n-butoxy group, anisobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, an n-pentyloxygroup, an isopentyloxy group, a sec-pentyloxy group, a tert-pentyloxygroup, a neopentyloxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, an isohexyloxy group,a sec-hexyloxy group, a tert-hexyloxy group, a neohexyloxy group, acycloprpoxy group, a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, or thelike.

A cyclic carbonate ester group in which R₂₄ forms together with R₂₃ anda carbonyl group includes, for example, the one having 3 to 6,specifically, it includes, for example, the group derived from vinylenecarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, or the like. In thiscase, R₂₃ may be a methylene group.

A cyclic carboxylic acid ester group in which R₂₄ forms together withR₂₃ and a carbonyl group includes, for example, the group derived fromlactone compound having 3 to 9, specifically, it includes, for example,the group derived from γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone,ε-caprolactone. In this case, R₂₃ may be a methylene group.

When m is 0, R₂₄, a carbonyl group, R₂₃, carbon atom binding to R₁ andR₂, and R₂ may form a cyclic carboxylic acid ester group, a cycliccarboxylic acid ester group in this case includes the same one as cyclicester group which the above R₂₄, R₂₃ and a carbonyl group form.

A cyclic carboxylic acid ester group, which R₂₄ forms together with R₂₃and a carbonyl group, includes, for example, the group derived fromlactone compound having 3 to 9 carbon numbers, specifically, itincludes, for example, the group derived from γ-butyrolactone,γ-valerolactone, γ-caprolactone, ε-caprolactone.

The group represented by the general formula [8] in R₂₃ includes, forexample,

or the like.

The group represented by the general formula [9] in R₂₃ includes, forexample, an amino group, an n-methylamino group, a N,N-dimethylaminogroup, or the like.

The alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers represented by the generalformula [10-4] in R₂₅ includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, ann-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-butyl group,or the like.

Among the complex represented by the above general formula [10-1] to[10-6], the complex represented by the general formula [10-1] or [10-2]is preferable.

Specific example of the complex represented by said general formula[10-1] includes, for example, the following general formula [10-1-1]:

(Wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₃ and R₂₁ are the same one as the above. R′₂₂represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers,aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, an aryl group having 6 to10 carbon numbers, alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers,arylalkenyl group having 8 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 3 to 7 carbon numbers; R₂₁ may form a monocyclic heterocyclicgroup together with R′₂₂ and a oxygen atom, in a such case, R₂₁ may be amethylene group), more specifically the group described in the belowTable-1. Further, specific example of each group of R′₂₂ includes thesame one as the specific example of R₂₂, and the preferable group isalso the same one.

TABLE 1 No. X n m R₃ R₂₁ R′₂₂  1 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 1Hydrogen Bond Hydrogen atom atom  2 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 1Hydrogen Bond Methyl group atom  3 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 1Hydrogen Bond Ethyl group atom  4 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 1Hydrogen Bond Propyl group atom  5 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 2Hydrogen Bond Hydrogen atom atom  6 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 2Hydrogen Bond Methyl group Atom  7 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 2Hydrogen Bond Ethyl group atom  8 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 2Hydrogen Bond Propyl group atom  9 Trifluoromethane sulfonate ion 2 0 —1-propenylene Hydrogen group atom 10 Bromide ion(Br⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen BondHydrogen atom atom 11 Bromide ion(Br⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Methyl groupatom 12 Bromide ion(Br⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Ethyl group atom 13 Chlorideion(Cl⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Hydrogen atom atom 14 Chloride ion(Cl⁻) 2 1Hydrogen Bond Methyl group atom 15 Chloride ion(Cl⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen BondEthyl group atom 16 Iodide ion(I⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Hydrogen atom atom17 Iodide ion(I⁻) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Methyl group atom 18 Iodide ion(I⁻)2 1 Hydrogen Bond Ethyl group atom 19 Tetrafluoroborate ion 2 1 HydrogenBond Hydrogen atom atom 20 Tetrafluoroborate ion 2 1 Hydrogen BondMethyl group Atom 21 Tetrafluoroborate ion 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Ethyl groupatom 22 Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Hydrogen imideion atom atom 23 Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 1 Hydrogen Bond Methylgroup imide ion atom 24 Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 1 Hydrogen BondEthyl group imide ion atom

Specific example of the complex represented by said general formula[10-2] includes, for example, the complex represented by the followinggeneral formula [10-2-1]:

(wherein Mg, X, n, m, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are the same one as the above. R′₂₃represents an oxygen atom or bond. R′₂₄ represents an alkoxy grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers.), more specifically the group described inthe below Table-2 and Table-3. Further, specific example of each groupof R′₂₄ includes the same one as the specific example of R₂₄, and thepreferable one is also the same one.

TABLE 2 R₁ No X n m R₂ R₃ R′₂₃ R′₂₄ 1 Trifluoromethane 2 0 Hydrogen —Bond Methyl sulfonate ion atom group Hydrogen atom 2 Trifluoromethane 20 Methyl group — Bound Methyl sulfonate ion Hydrogen group atom 3Trifluoromethane 2 1 Hydrogen Hydrogen Bond Methyl salfonate ion atomatom group Hydrogen atom 4 Trifluoromethane 2 1 Methyl group HydrogenBond Methyl sulfonate ion Hydrogen atom group atom 5 Trifluoromethane 20 Hydrogen — Bond Methoxy sulfonate ion atom group Hydrogen atom 6Trifluoromethane 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy sulfonate ion Hydrogengroup atom 7 Trifluoromethane 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy sulfonateion Methyl Group group 8 Trifluoromethane 2 1 Hydrogen Hydrogen OxygenMethyl sulfonate ion atom atom atom group Hydrogen atom 9Trifluoromethane 2 1 Methyl group Hydrogen Oxygen Methyl sulfonate ionHydrogen atom atom group atom 10 Trifluoromethane 2 1 Methyl groupHydrogen Oxygen Methyl sulfonate ion Methyl Group atom atom group 11Bromide ion 2 0 Hydrogen — Bond Methoxy atom group Hydrogen atom 12Bromide ion 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy Hydrogen group atom 13Bromide ion 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy Methyl Group group 14Bromide ion 2 1 Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Methyl atom atom atom groupHydrogen atom 15 Chloride ion 2 0 Hydrogen — Bond Methoxy atom groupHydrogen atom 16 Chloride ion 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy Hydrogengroup atom 17 Chloride ion 2 0 Methyl group — Bond Methoxy Methyl Groupgroup 18 Chloride ion 2 1 Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Methyl atom atom atomgroup Hydrogen atom

TABLE 3 R₁ No X n m R₂ R₃ R′₂₃ R′₂₄ 19 Iodide ion 2 0 Hydrogen — BondMethyl atom group Hydrogen atom 20 Iodide ion 2 0 Hydrogen — BondMethoxy atom group Hydrogen atom 21 Iodide ion 2 1 Hydrogen HydrogenOxygen Methyl atom atom atom group Hydrogen atom 22 Tetrafluoro borateion 2 0 Hydrogen — Bond Methyl atom group Hydrogen atom 23 Tetrafluoroborate ion 2 0 Hydrogen — Bond Methoxy atom group Hydrogen atom 24Tetrafluoro borate ion 2 1 Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Methyl atom atomatom group Hydrogen atom 25 Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 0 Hydrogen —Bond Methyl imide ion atom group Hydrogen atom 26Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 0 Hydrogen — Bond Methoxy imide ion atomgroup Hydrogen atom 27 Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) 2 1 HydrogenHydrogen Oxygen Methyl imide ion atom atom atom group Hydrogen atom

As for the preparation method for the above complex, for example, thecompound represented by the above general formula [2] may be added in 2to 10 equivalents, and preferably 5 to 10 equivalents, relative to 1 molof the supporting electrolyte pertaining to the present invention, andreacted them usually at 20 to 120° C., preferably 50 to 90° C., and morepreferably 60 to 80° C., usually for 1 to 20 hours, preferably 1 to 10hours, and more preferably 5 to 10 hours. It should be noted that thecompound represented by the general formula [2] may be added in excess,in response to solubility thereof, or the above organic solventpertaining to the present invention may be added further as the solvent.After dissolution, and after removing the solvent by concentration orthe like, if needed, or a complex may be deposited by adding a suitablepoor solvent, if needed.

The Electrochemical Device

The electrolytic solution of the present invention can be used as anelectrolytic solution for an electrochemical device containing amagnesium in a negative electrode active substance, or anelectrochemical device which is capable of forming an electric doublelayer by intercalation (occlusion, discharge) of the magnesium ion tothe electrode. As said electrochemical device, a secondary battery, anelectric double layer capacitor and the like are included, and amongthem, the secondary battery is preferable.

As the electrochemical device using the electrolytic solution of thepresent invention, it is enough to contain a magnesium as the negativeelectrode active substance, as described above, and constitution thereofis made of the above electrolytic solution of the present invention, apositive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator.

The positive electrode is not especially limited, as long as it is atransition metal oxide which is capable of intercalating the magnesiumion, and all substances for example described in NON PATENT LITERATURE 3may be used.

The negative electrode is not especially limited, as long as it is theone containing magnesium as an active substance, and is capable ofintercalating a magnesium ion, including, for example, a metalmagnesium, a magnesium alloy or the like.

The separator is not especially limited, as long as it is the one whichis capable of electrically insulating the positive electrode and thenegative electrode, as well as permeating the magnesium ion, includingspecifically, a micro-porous polymer film, such as, for example, aporous polyolefin film. A specific example of the porous polyolefin filmincludes, for example, a porous polyethylene film only, or a multi-layerfilm by lamination of the porous polyethylene film and a porouspolypropylene film, or the like.

Explanation will be given below on the present invention morespecifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples,however, the present invention should not be limited thereby at all.

Explanation will be given below on the present invention morespecifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples,however, the present invention should not be limited thereby at all.

EXAMPLE Example 1 Preparation of Magnesium Trifuluoromethanesulfonate(Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol Solution

Under nitrogen atmosphere, 4.84 g of magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate(Mg(OTf)₂) (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) were charged into the reactor, and stirred by heating at 100° C.for 4 hours. After filtrating off the undissolved material under reducedpressure, dehydration treatment was carried out by adding 2 g of MS5 A[(Molecular sieve 5 A (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)]to the mother liquor, then 2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 1.

Example 2 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Ethylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, ethylene glycol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 2.

Example 3 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Methyl Glycolate Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofmethyl glycolate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, methyl glycolate solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 3.

Example 4 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-ethoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-ethoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-ethoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 4.

Example 5 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-isopropoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-isopropoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-isopropoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 5.

Example 6 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-butoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-butoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-butoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution

Example 7 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 7.

Example 8 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuranSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(hydroxymethyl)tetorahydrorofuran (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) was used, 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetorahydrorofuran solutioncontaining 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred toas the electrolytic solution 8.

Example 9 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/1-methoxy-2-propanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of1-methoxy-2-propanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 1-methoxy-2-propanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 9.

Example 10 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(benzyloxy)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(benzyloxy)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 2-(benzyloxy)ethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 10.

Example 11 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(phenyloxy)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(phenyloxy)ethanol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) wasused, 2-(phenyloxy)ethanol solution containing 0.16 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 11.

Example 12 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(pentafluorophenyloxy)ethanolSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(pentafluorophenyloxy)ethanol (produced by Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo., Ltd.) was used, 2-(pentafluorophenyloxy)ethanol solution containing0.13 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as theelectrolytic solution 12.

Example 13 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-Hydroxyacetic Acid Ethyl EsterSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-Hydroxyacetic acid ethyl ester (produced by Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo., Ltd.) was used, 2-Hydroxyacetic acid ethyl ester solutioncontaining 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred toas the electrolytic solution 13.

Example 14 Preparation ofMg(OTf)₂/2-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethanol:Dimethoxyethane MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofdimethoxyethane (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 5.30 g of 2-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethanol (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)ethanol:dimethoxyethane) mixed solutioncontaining 0.33 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referredto as the electrolytic solution 14.

Example 15 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(allyloxy)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(allyloxy)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-(allyloxy)ethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 15.

Example 16 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(vinyloxy)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(vinyloxy)ethanol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) wasused, 2-(vinyloxy)ethanol solution containing 0.17 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 16.

Example 17 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/cis-2-butene-1,4-diol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofcis-2-butene-1,4-diol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, cis-2-butene-1,4-diol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution17.

Example 18 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 18.

Example 19 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/3-methoxy-1-propanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of3-methoxy-1-propanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 3-methoxy-1-propanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 19.

Example 20 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Glycerin Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofglycerin (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,glycerin solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 20.

Example 21 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Propylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofpropylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, propylene glycol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 21.

Example 22 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.) was used, 3-methoxy-1,2-propanediol solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 22.

Example 23 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/1,3-propanediol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of1,3-propanediol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 1,3-propanediol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 23.

Example 24 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Diethylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofdiethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, diethylene glycol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 24.

Example 25 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Pinacol:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.54 g of pinacol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, pinacol:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 25.

Example 26 Preparation ofMg(OTf)₂/cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol:Dimethoxyethane Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofdimethoxyethane (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.48 g of cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) was used, cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol:dimethoxyethanemixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solutionwas referred to as the electrolytic solution 26.

Example 27 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol:DimethoxyethaneMixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofdimethoxyethane (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.60 g of 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) was used, 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol:dimethoxyethane mixedsolution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution wasreferred to as the electrolytic solution 27.

Example 28 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Hydroxyacetone Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofhydroxyacetone (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, hydroxyacetone solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 28.

Example 29 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/4-hydroxy-2-butanone Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of4-hydroxy-2-butanone (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 29.

Example 30 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanoneSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) was used, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone solutioncontaining 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred toas the electrolytic solution 30.

Example 31 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(methanesulfonyl)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(methanesulfonyl)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-(methanesulfonyl)ethanol solution containing 0.49 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 31.

Example 32 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(methylthio)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(methylthio)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 2-(methylthio)ethanol solution containing 0.25 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution32.

Example 33 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonateSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofdimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonate (produced by Tokyo ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd.) was used, dimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonatesolution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution wasreferred to as the electrolytic solution 33.

Example 34 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-acetamideethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-acetamideethanol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) wasused, 2-acetamideethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution

Example 35 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Methylidene Glycerol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofmethylidene glycerol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, methylidene glycerol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 35.

Example 36 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-oneSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one (produced by Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo., Ltd.) was used, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one solutioncontaining 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred toas the electrolytic solution 36.

Example 37 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(hydroxymethyl)thiophene Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(hydroxymethyl)thiophene (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.) was used, 2-(hydroxymethyl)thiophene solution containing 0.05 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 37.

Example 38 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(hydroxymethyl)furan Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(hydroxymethyl)furan (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)was used, 2-(hydroxymethyl)furan solution containing 0.06 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution38.

Example 39 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-aminoethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-aminoethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-aminoethanol solution containing 0.33 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 39.

Example 40 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(methylamino)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(methylamino)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 2-(methylamino)ethanol solution containing 0.45 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution40.

Example 41 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(dimethylamino)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(dimethylamino)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 41.

Example 42 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 42.

Example 43 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-pyrrolidinemethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-pyrrolidinemethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 2-pyrrolidinemethanol solution containing 0.12 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution43.

Example 44 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 2-(1-imidazolyl)ethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution44.

Example 45 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/3-hydoroxypropionitrile Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml of3-hydoroxypropionitrile (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, 3-hydoroxypropionitrile solution containing 0.45 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution45.

Example 46 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Methyl Lactate Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofmethyl lactate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, methyl lactate solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 46.

Example 47 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofmethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.) was used, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 47.

Example 48 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Methyl Hydroxypivalate Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofmethyl hydroxypivalate (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)was used, methyl hydroxypivalate solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution48.

Example 49 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Glycolic Acid:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 2.28 g of glycolic acid (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, glycolic acid:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as theelectrolytic solution 49.

Example 50 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Lactamide:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 2.68 g of lactamide (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)was used, lactamide:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 50.

Example 51 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Pantolactone:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.90 g of pantolactone (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.) was used, pantolactone:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as theelectrolytic solution 51.

Example 52 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Catecol:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.30 g of catecol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, catecol:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 52.

Example 53 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/o-aminophenol:Ethylene Glycol MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) addedwith 3.27 g of o-aminophenol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, o-aminophenol:ethylene glycol mixed solution containing0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as theelectrolytic solution 53.

Example 54 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Perfluoropinacol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofperfluoropinacol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) wasused, perfluoropinacol solution containing 0.15 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 54.

Example 55 Preparation ofMg(OTf)₂/1H,1H,11H,11H-dodecafluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol:EthyleneGlycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofethylene glycol added with 12.3 g of1H,1H,11H,11H-dodecafluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,1′-diol (produced byWako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,1H,1H,11H,11H-dodecafluoro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol:ethyleneglycol mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 55.

Example 56 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Polyethylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 25 ml ofpolyethylene glycol 200 (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.)was used, polyethylene glycol 200 solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution56.

Example 57 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 12.5 ml of2-methoxytethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-methoxyethanol solution containing 1.0 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 57.

Example 58 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/ethylene glycol solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, 12.5 ml ofethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, ethylene glycol solution containing 1.0 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 58.

Example 59 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:dimethoxyethane(1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of dimethoxyethane (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and dimethoxyethane(1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 59.

Example 60 Preparation ofMg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:2-methyltetrahydrofuran (1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (produced byWako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and2-methyltetrahydrofuran (1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 60.

Example 61 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:Diethylene GlycolDimethyl Ether (1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether(produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1:1) mixedsolution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution wasreferred to as the electrolytic solution 61.

Example 62 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:Propylene Carbonate(1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of propylene carbonate (produced by WakoPure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol:propylenecarbonate (1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 62.

Example 63 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:Acetonitrile (1:1)Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of acetonitrile (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and acetonitrile(1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 63.

Example 64 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:γ-butyrolactone(1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of γ-butyrolactone (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and γ-butyrolactone(1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 64.

Example 65 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:Ethanol (1:1) MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of ethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and ethanol (1:1) mixedsolution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution wasreferred to as the electrolytic solution 65.

Example 66 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:Ethyl Acetate (1:1)Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of ethyl acetate (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol:ethyl acetate (1:1)mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solutionwas referred to as the electrolytic solution 66.

Example 67 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Ethylene Glycol:Acetonitrile (1:1)Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of ethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of acetonitrile (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, ethylene glycol:acetonitrile (1:1)mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solutionwas referred to as the electrolytic solution 67.

Example 68 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Ethylene Glycol:Propionitrile (1:1)Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of ethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of propionitrile (produced by Wako PureChemical Industries Ltd.) was used, ethylene glycol and propionitrile(1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 68.

Example 69 Preparation ofMg(OTf)₂/2-methoxyethanol:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of 2-methoxyethanol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, 2-methoxyethanol and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 69.

Example 70 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/EthyleneGlycol:1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) MixedSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of ethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, ethylene glycol and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 70.

Example 71 Preparation of Mg(OTf)₂/Ethylene Glycol:TetraethylammoniumTrifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) Mixed Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assolvent, instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol in Example 1, mixedsolvent of 12.5 ml of ethylene glycol (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries Ltd.) and 12.5 ml of tetraethylammoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical IndustriesLtd.) was used, ethylene glycol and tetraethylammoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1) mixed solution containing 0.5 M ofMg(OTf)₂ was prepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolyticsolution 71.

Example 72 Preparation of Magnesium Chloride(MgCl₂)/2-methoxyethanolSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 1.43g of MgCl₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of MgCl₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 72.

Example 73 Preparation of Magnesium Bromide(MgBr₂)/2-methoxyethanolSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 2.76g of MgBr₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of MgBr₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 73.

Example 74 Preparation of Magnesium Iodide(MgI₂)/2-methoxyethanolSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 4.17g of MgI₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of MgI₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 74.

Example 75 Preparation of Magnesium Ethoxide(Mg(OEt)₂)/2-methoxyethanolSolution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 1.72g of Mg(OEt)₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(OEt)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 75.

Example 76 Preparation of MagnesiumPerchlorate(Mg(ClO₄)₂)/2-methoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 3.35g of Mg(ClO₄)₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(ClO₄)₂ wasprepared. Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 76.

Example 77 Preparation of MagnesiumTrifluoroacetate(Mg(TFAc)₂)/2-methoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 3.76g of Mg(TFAc)₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) wasused, 2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(TFAc)₂ wasprepared. Further, as Mg(TFAc)₂, the group synthesized from magnesiumacetate and trifluoroacetic acid according to the same method asdescribed in Example 1 of JP 2009-269986 A was used. Said solution wasreferred to as the electrolytic solution 77.

Example 78 Preparation of MagnesiumTetrafluoroborate(Mg(BF₄)₂)/2-methoxyethanol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 2.97g of Mg(BF₄)₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(BF₄)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 78.

Example 79 Preparation of Magnesium tetrafluoroborate(Mg(BF₄)₂)/EthyleneGlycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 2 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 2, 2.97g of Mg(BF₄)₂ (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was used,ethylene glycol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(BF₄)₂ was prepared. Saidsolution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 79.

Example 80 Preparation of Magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(Mg(TFSI)₂)/Ethylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 1 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 1, 8.80g of Mg(TFSI)₂ (produced by Kishida Chemica Co., Ltd.) was used,2-methoxyethanol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(TFSI)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 80.

Example 81 Preparation of Magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(Mg(TFSI)₂)/Ethylene Glycol Solution

By carrying out the same operation as in Example 2 except that assupporting electrolyte, instead of 4.84 g of Mg(OTf)₂ in Example 2, 8.80g of Mg(TFSI)₂ (produced by Kishida Chemica Co., Ltd.) was used,ethylene glycol solution containing 0.5 M of Mg(TFSI)₂ was prepared.Said solution was referred to as the electrolytic solution 81.

The electrolytic solutions obtained in the above Example 1 to 81 arelisted up in the below Table 4 to Table 9.

TABLE 4 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution No.Electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-1 ElectrolyticSolution-1 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-2 Electrolytic Solution-2 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-3 Electrolytic Solution-3 Mg(OTf)₂ Methyl glycolate

0.50 Example-4 Electrolytic Solution-4 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Ethoxyethanol

0.50 Example-5 Electrolytic Solution-5 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Isopropoxyethanol

0.50 Example-6 Electrolytic Solution-6 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Butoxyethanol

0.50 Example-7 Electrolytic Solution-7 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol

0.50 Example-8 Electrolytic Solution-8 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran

0.50 Example-9 Electrolytic Solution-9 Mg(OTf)₂ 1-Methoxy-2-propanol

0.50 Example-10 Electrolytic Solution-10 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Benzyloxy)ethanol

0.50 Example-11 Electrolytic Solution-11 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Phenyloxy)ethanol

0.16 Example-12 Electrolytic Solution-12 Mg(OTf)₂2-(Pentafluorophenyloxy) ethanol

0.13 Example-13 Electrolytic Solution-13 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Hydroxyacetic acidethyl ester

0.50 Example-14 Electrolytic Solution-14 Mg(OTf)₂2-(t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy) ethanol/dimethoxyethane

0.33 Example 15 Electrolytic Solution-15 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Allyloxy)ethanol

0.50 Example-16 Electrolytic Solution-16 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Vinyloxy)ethanol

0.17 Example-17 Electrolytic Solution-17 Mg(OTf)₂ cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol

0.50 Example-18 Electrolytic Solution-18 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate

0.50 Example-19 Electrolytic Solution-19 Mg(OTf)₂ 3-Methoxy-1-propanol

0.33 Example-20 Electrolytic Solution-20 Mg(OTf)₂ Glycerin

0.50

TABLE 5 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution. No.Electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-21Electrolytric Solution-21 Mg(OTf)₂ Propylene glycol

0.50 Example-22 Electrolytric Solution-22 Mg(OTf)₂ 3-Methoxy-1,2-propanediol

0.50 Example-23 Electrolytric Solution-23 Mg(OTf)₂ 1,3-Propanediol

0.50 Example-24 Electrolytric Solution-24 Mg(OTf)₂ Diethylene glycol

0.50 Example-25 Electrolytric Solution-25 Mg(OTf)₂ Pinacol/ethyleneglycol

0.50 Example-26 Electrolytric Solution-26 Mg(OTf)₂ cis-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol/dimethoxyethane

0.50 Example-27 Electrolytric Solution-27 Mg(OTf)₂ 1,4-Dioxane-2,3-diol/dimethoxyethane

0.50 Example-28 Electrolytric Solution-28 Mg(OTf)₂ Hydroxyacetone

0.50 Example-29 Electrolytric Solution-29 Mg(OTf)₂ 4-Hydroxy-2- butanone

0.50 Example-30 Electrolytric Solution-30 Mg(OTf)₂ 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone

0.50 Example-31 Electrolytric Solution-31 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(methanesulfonyl)ethanol

0.49 Example-32 Electrolytric Solution-32 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(methylthio)ethanol

0.25 Example-33 Electrolytric Solution-33 Mg(OTf)₂ Dimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate

0.50 Example-34 Electrolytric Solution-34 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Acetamideethanol

0.50 Example-35 Electrolytric Solution-35 Mg(OTf)₂ Methylidene glycerol

0.50

TABLE 6 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution. No.Electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-36Electrolytric Solution-36 Mg(OTf)₂ 4-Hydroxy-1,3- dioxolane-2-one

0.50 Example-37 Electrolytric Solution-37 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Hydroxymethyl)

0.05 Example-38 Electrolytric Solution-38 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Hydroxymethyl)furan

0.06 Example-39 Electrolytric Solution-39 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Aminoethanol

0.33 Example-40 Electrolytric Solution-40 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Methylamino)ethanol

0.45 Example-41 Electrolytric Solution-41 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol/ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-42 Electrolytric Solution-42 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Hydroxymethyl)pyridine

0.50 Example-43 Electrolytric Solution-43 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Pyrrolidinemethanol

0.12 Example-44 Electrolytric Solution-44 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(1-Imidazol)ethanol

0.50 Example-45 Electrolytric Solution-45 Mg(OTf)₂3-Hydroxypropionitrile

0.45 Example-46 Electrolytric Solution-46 Mg(OTf)₂ Methyl lactate

0.50 Example-47 Electrolytric Solution-47 Mg(OTf)₂ Methyl2-Hydroxyisobutyrate

0.50 Example-48 Electrolytric Solution-48 Mg(OTf)₂ Methylhydroxypivalate

0.50 Example-49 Electrolytric Solution-49 Mg(OTf)₂ Glycolicacid/ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-50 Electrolytric Solution-50 Mg(OTf)₂ Lactamide/ethylene

0.50

TABLE 7 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution. No.Electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-51Electrolytric Solution-51 Mg(OTf)₂ Pantolactone/ ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-52 Electrolytric Solution-52 Mg(OTf)₂ Catecol/ethyleneglycol

0.50 Example-53 Electrolytric Solution-53 Mg(OTf)₂ o-Aminophenol/ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-54 Electrolytric Solution-54 Mg(OTf)₂ Perfluotopinacol

0.15 Example 55 Electrolytric Solution-55 Mg(OTf)₂ 1H,1H,11H,11H-Dodecafluoro-3, 6,9-trioxaundecane- 1,11-diol/ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-56 Electrolytric Solution-56 Mg(OTf)₂ Polyethylene glycol200

0.50 Example-57 Electrolytric Solution-57 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

1.00 Example-58 Electrolytric Solution-58 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene glycol

1.00 Example-59 Electrolytric Solution-59 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/dimethoxyethane (1:1)

0.50 Example-60 Electrolytric Solution-60 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/2-methyltetra- hydrofuran(1:1)

0.50 Example-61 Electrolytric Solution-61 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1:1)

0.50

TABLE 8 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution. No.electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-62Electrolytric Solution-62 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/ propylenecarbonate(1:1)

0.50 Example-63 Electrolytric Solution-63 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/acetonitrile (1:1)

0.50 Example-64 Electrolytric Solution-64 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/γ-butyrolactone

0.50 Example-65 Electrolytric Solution-65 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/ethanol(1:1)

0.50 Example-66 Electrolytric Solution-66 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/ethyl acetate (1:1)

0.50 Example-67 Electrolytric Solution-67 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethyleneglycol/acetonitrile (1:1)

0.50 Example-68 Electrolytric Solution-68 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethyleneglycol/propionitrile (1:1)

0.50 Example-69 Electrolytric Solution-69 Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/1-ethyl-3-methyl- imidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate(1:1)

0.50 Example-70 Electrolytric Solution-70 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethyleneglycol/1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate(1:1)

0.50 Example-71 Electrolytric Solution-71 Mg(OTf)₂ Ethyleneglycol/tetraethyl- ammonium trifluoromethane sulfonate(1:1)

0.50 Example-72 Electrolytric Solution-72 MgC1₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-73 Electrolytric Solution-73 MgBr₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50

TABLE 9 Electrolytic Supporting Concentration Example No. Solution. No.Electrolyte Solvent Name Structure of Solvent (M) Example-74Electrolytric Solution-74 MgI₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-75 Electrolytric Solution-75 Mg(OEt)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-76 Electrolytric Solution-76 Mg(ClO₄)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-77 Electrolytric Solution-77 Mg(TFA)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-78 Electrolytric Solution-78 Mg(BF₄)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-79 Electrolytric Solution-79 Mg(BF₄)₂ Ethylene glycol

0.50 Example-80 Electrolytric Solution-80 Mg(TFSI)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol

0.50 Example-81 Electrolytric Solution-81 Mg(TFSI)₂ Ethylene glycol

0.50

Example 82 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 1

CV measurement was performed using the electrolytic solution 1 toexamine electric characteristics of the electrolytic solution 1.

Specifically, using a three-pole type beaker cell, magnesium (0.5 cm²),vanadium pentaoxide (V₂O₅) doped with sulfur and magnesium were used fora working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode,respectively. In addition, 2 ml of the electrolytic solution 1 was addedinto the beaker and the measurement wa performed under conditions of atroom temperature (20° C.), a sweep rate of 5 mV/s, and in a range of−1.5 to 1 V. It should be noted that the sweep was performed threecycles. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis (V) shows potential difference of theworking electrode, based on potential of the reference electrode, andthe vertical axis (mA/cm²) shows a current density obtained by dividinga current value observed at each potential with surface area of theworking electrode (the horizontal axis and the vertical axis in graphsof CV measurement shown below represent the same values).

From the results of FIG. 1, oxidation current is observed accompanyingwith dissolution of magnesium from the working electrode from thevicinity of 0.5 V, and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about13.0 mA/cm². On the other hand, reduction current is observedaccompanying with deposition of magnesium at the working electrode fromthe vicinity of −1 V, and current density at the vicinity of −1.5 V wasabout −9.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has been clarified that by using theelectrolytic solution 1, a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction ofmagnesium occurred, and thus gave high current density. Still more, ithas also been found that dissolution and deposition of magnesiumprogress repeatedly and stably, because decrease in current density wasnot observed, even in sweep at or subsequent to the second cycle.

Example 83 Evaluation of Oxidation Resistance of the ElectrolyticSolution 1

CV measurement was performed using the electrolytic solution 1,similarly as in Example 82, except by setting a sweep rate of 10 mV/s,and a voltage range of −1.5 to 4.2 V. Results thereof are shown in FIG.2.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 2, even in the case of applying thevoltage up to 4.2 V under the sweep rate of 10 mV/s, only oxidationcurrent is observed accompanying with dissolution of magnesium wasobserved, without observation of an inflection point in the cyclicvoltammogram, and thus significant current increase derived fromoxidative decomposition of the electrolytic solution, was not observed.In addition, it has been clarified that decomposition of theelectrolytic solution was not generated within a voltage range measured,due to the fact that decrease in current density was not observed, evenin sweep at or subsequent to the second cycle. That is, decompositionvoltage was considered to be 4.2 V or higher. This value is sufficientlyhigh value, as compared with decomposition voltage (2.3 V) of theelectrolytic solution, where Mg(ZR¹ ₁R² _(m)X_(n))₂ (wherein zrepresents an aluminum, R¹ represents an ethyl group, R² represents abuthyl group and X represents a chlorine, respectively) is dissolved inTHF, described in the PATENT LITERATURE 1 and NON PATENT LITERATURE 1;or decomposition voltage (3.8 V) of the electrolytic solution, where anaromatic Grignard's reagent was dissolved in THF, described in thePATENT LITERATURE 2.

Example 84 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 2

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 2 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 3.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 3, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 6.0 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −11.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 2, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 85 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 3

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 3 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 4.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 4, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.2 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 4.0 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.2 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 3, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 86 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 4

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 4 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 5.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 5, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 6.4 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.1 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 4, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 87 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 7

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 7 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 6.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 6, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 2.6 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −3.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 7, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 88 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 9

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 9 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 7.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 7, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 3.8 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −1.0 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 9, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 89 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 13

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 13 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 8.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 8, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 8.8 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −3.2 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 13, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 90 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 15

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 15 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 9.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 9, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 2.7 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −1.0 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −2.7 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 15, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 91 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 17

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 17 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 10.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 10, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 3.7 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −2.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 17, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 92 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 25

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 25 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 11.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 11, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.6 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 4.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.2 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −9.6 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 25, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 93 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 28

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 28 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 12.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 12, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 15.4 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −25.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 28, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 94 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 29

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 29 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 13.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 13, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.2 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 24.4 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.3 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 29, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 95 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 33

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 33 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 14.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 14, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 1.3 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −2.3 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 33, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 96 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 41

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 41 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 15.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 15, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 4.7 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 41, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 97 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 45

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 45 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 16.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 16, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.4 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.7 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −1.2 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 45, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 98 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 46

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 46 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 17.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 17, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.1 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 3.1 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.1 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −2.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 46, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 99 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 49

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 49 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 18.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 18, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 4.0 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −7.9 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 49, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 100 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 50

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 50 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 19.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 19, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.8 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 2.1 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.4 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 50, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 101 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 51

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 51 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 20.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 20, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 4.4 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.2 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 51, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 102 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 52

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 52 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 21.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 21, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.4 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 7.0 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.1 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −8.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 52, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 103 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 53

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 53 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 22.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 22, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.6 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.0 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −10.7 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 53, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 104 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 55

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 55 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 23.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 23, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.6 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −7.4 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 55, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 105 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 57

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 57 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 24.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 24, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 16.3 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −13.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 57, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 106 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 58

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 58 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 25.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 25, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 4.1 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.3 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 58, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle. Further, it has also been found that highconcentration of supporting electrolyte caused increase of viscosity andthereby current density was decreased because the results of FIG. 25gave lower current density compared with the example 84.

Example 107 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 59

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 59 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 26.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 26, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 8.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −7.6 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 59, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 108 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 60

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 60 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 27.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 27, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 2.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.3 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 60, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 109 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 61

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 61 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 28.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 28, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 2.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 61, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 110 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 62

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 62 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 29.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 29, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 2.5 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.4 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 62, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 111 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 63

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 63 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 30.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 30, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −5.9 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 63, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 112 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 64

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 64 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 31.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 31, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 7.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −3.3 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 64, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 113 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 65

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 65 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 32.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 32, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 10.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 65, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 114 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 66

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 66 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 33.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 33, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.2 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 66, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 115 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 67

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 67 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 34.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 34, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 77.1 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.2 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −41.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 67, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 116 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 68

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 68 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 35.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 35, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 59.7 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.2 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −33.6 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 68, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 117 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 69

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 69 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 36.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 36, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.6 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 22.2 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.6 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −70.2 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 69, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 118 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 70

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 70 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 37.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 37, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 6.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.4 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −13.7 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 70, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 119 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 71

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 71 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 38.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 38, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.6 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 7.1 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.4 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −12.8 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 71, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 120 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 72

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 72 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 39.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 39, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 16.6 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.4 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 72, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 121 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 73

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 73 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 40.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 40, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 28.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −15.1 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 73, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 122 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 74

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 74 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 41.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 41, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 43.5 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.9 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −56.6 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 74, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 123 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 79

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 79 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 42.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 42, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.2 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 14.5 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.9 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −3.4 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 79, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 124 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 81

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 81 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 43.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 43, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.7 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1.0 V was about 1.7 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.3 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 81, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Comparative Example 1 CV Measurement Using a Butylmagnesium Chloride(BuMgCl)/Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Solution as the Electrolytic Solution

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using a 2 ml THF solution containing 0.5 M of butylmagnesiumchloride (BuMgCl) (produced by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), as theelectrolytic solution, instead of the electrolytic solution 1, and by asetting the voltage range at −1.5 to 2.0 V. Results thereof are shown inFIG. 44.

From the results of FIG. 44, it has been clarified that, in the case ofusing the BuMgCl/THF solution as the electrolytic solution, although Mgdissolved and deposited reversibly, density of current flowing at thattime was very low, and current density at the vicinity of 1.5 V wasabout 0.4 mA/cm², and current density at the vicinity of −1.5 V wasabout −0.5 mA/cm².

Comparative Example 2 CV Measurement Using a Phenylmagnesium Chloride(PhMgCl)/Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Solution as the Electrolytic Solution

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using a 2 ml THF solution containing 0.5 M of phenylmagnesiumchloride (PhMgCl) (produced by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), as theelectrolytic solution, instead of the electrolytic solution 1, and by asetting the voltage range at −1.0 to 1.0 V. Results thereof are shown inFIG. 45.

From the results of FIG. 45, it has been clarified that, in the case ofusing the PhMgCl/THF solution as the electrolytic solution, currentdensity was still more decreased as compared with Comparative Example 1,and was about 6.0×10⁻² mA/cm² at the vicinity of 1 V, and was about−8.0×10⁻² mA/cm² at the vicinity of −1 V.

Comparative Example 3 CV Measurement Using a TetrabutylammoniumPerchlorate (Bu₄NClO₄)/2-Methoxyethanol Solution as the ElectrolyticSolution

4.28 g of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu₄NClO₄) (Produced by WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved into 25 ml of2-methoxyethanol to prepare a Bu₄NClO₄/2-methoxyethanol solutioncontaining 0.5 M of Bu₄NClO₄. CV measurement was performed similarly asthe method in Example 82, except by using said electrolytic solution,instead of the electrolytic solution 1. Results thereof are shown inFIG. 46.

From the results of FIG. 46, it has been clarified that oxidationcurrent decreased in repeating the cycle, and reduction currentsignificantly decreased as compared with the case of FIG. 1. From thesefacts, it was considered that no reductive decomposition occurred at allin the Bu₄NClO₄/2-methoxyethanol solution, and the supportingelectrolyte (Bu₄NClO₄) formed a passive state film by oxidativedecomposition, resulting in gradual decrease current density. That is,it was considered that 2-methoxyethanol used as the solvent, was stableagainst oxidation-reduction, and current observed in FIG. 1 was the oneaccompanying with dissolution and deposition of Mg.

Comparative Example 4 CV Measurement Using a Mg(OTf)₂/Ethanol Solutionas the Electrolytic Solution

The electrolytic solution containing 0.3 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared bysimilar processing as in Example 1, except by using 25 ml of ethanolinstead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol, as the solvent, and setting amountof Mg(OTf)₂ to be 2.42 g. CV measurement was performed similarly as themethod in Example 82, except by using said solution, instead of theelectrolytic solution 1. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 47.

From the results of FIG. 47, it has been clarified that, in the case ofusing the Mg(OTf)₂/ethanol solution as the electrolytic solution,although magnesium dissolved and deposited reversibly, density ofcurrent flowing at that time was very low, and current density at thevicinity of 1.0 V was about 0.63 mA/cm². On the other hand, reductioncurrent was relatively high, and current density at the vicinity of −1.5V was about −5.3 mA/cm², however, current density abruptly decreasedaccompanying with the cycle. This was considered to have occurredbecause of formation of a passive state film at the electrode surface,by oxidative-reductive decomposition of ethanol used as the solvent.

Comparative Example 5 CV Measurement Using a Mg(OTf)₂/DimethoxyethaneSolution as the Electrolytic Solution

The electrolytic solution containing 0.02 M of Mg(OTf)₂ was prepared bysimilar processing as in Example 1, except by using 25 ml ofdimethoxyethane instead of 25 ml of 2-methoxyethanol, as the solvent,and setting amount of Mg(OTf)₂ to be 0.16 g. As the result, it has beenclarified that in the case of dimethoxyethane, solubility of Mg(OTf)₂was low, and it could dissolve only 0.02 M at the highest. CVmeasurement of the Mg(OTf)₂/dimethoxyethane solution was performedsimilarly as the method in Example 82, except by using said solution asthe electrolytic solution, instead of the electrolytic solution 1.Results thereof are shown in FIG. 47.

From the results of FIG. 48, it has been clarified that, in the case ofusing the Mg(OTf)₂/dimethoxyethane solution as the electrolyticsolution, although Mg dissolved and deposited reversibly, density ofcurrent flowing at that time was very low, and current density at thevicinity of 1.0 V was about 2.6×10⁻³ mA/cm², and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −6.3×10⁻³ mA/cm². In addition, similarly asin Comparative Example 4, decrease in current density was observedaccompanying with the cycle, and thus it was considered that a passivestate film was formed at the electrode surface.

Measurement results of oxidation current density and reduction currentdensity, together with the electrolytic solution, the supportingelectrolyte and the solvent, used in Examples 82, and 84 to 124, andComparative Examples 1 to 5, are shown in the following Table 10 andTable 11.

TABLE 10 Oxidation Reduction Current Current Electrolytic SupportingDensity/ Density/ Example No. Solution. No. Electrolyte Solvent Name mA· cm² mA · cm² Example-82 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol 13.0−9.0 Solution-1 Example-84 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene glycol 6.0−11.0 Solution-2 Example-85 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Methyl glycolate 4.0−5.0 Solution-3 Example-86 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Ethoxyethanol 6.4−5.1 Solution-4 Example-87 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol 2.6 −3.0 Solution-7 Example-88 ElectrolytricMg(OTf)₂ 1-Methoxy-2-propanol 3.8 −1.0 Solution-9 Example-89Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Hydroxyacetic acid ethyl 8.8 −3.2 Solution-13ester Example-90 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Allyloxy)ethane 2.7 −2.7Solution-15 Example-91 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol 3.7−2.0 Solution-17 Example-92 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Pinacol/ethyleneglycol 4.8 −9.6 Solution-25 Example-93 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂Hydroxyacetone 15.4 −25.0 Solution-28 Example-94 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂4-Hydroxy-2-butanone 2.8 −1.3 Solution-29 Example-95 ElectrolytricMg(OTf)₂ Dimethyl 1.3 −2.3 Solution-33 (2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonateExample-96 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol/ethylene 4.7−5.8 Solution-41 glycol Example-97 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂3-Hydroxypropionitrile 6.7 −1.8 Solution-45 Example-98 ElectrolytricMg(OTf)₂ Methyl lactate 3.1 −2.0 Solution-46 Example-99 ElectrolytricMg(OTf)₂ Glycolic acid/ethylene glycol 4.0 −7.9 Solution-49 Example-100Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Lactamide/ethylene glycol 2.1 −6.4 Solution-50Example-101 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Pantolactone/ethylene glycol 4.4 −5.2Solution-51 Example-102 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Catecol/ethylene glycol7.0 −8.0 Solution-52 Example-103 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂o-Aminophenol/ethylene glycol 6.0 −10.7 Solution-53 Example-104Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 1H,1H,11H,11H-Dodecafluoro- 6.8 −7.4 Solution-553,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,11-diol/ethylene glycol Example-105 ElectrolytricMg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol 16.3 −13.0 Solution-57 Example-106Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene glycol 4.1 −5.8 Solution-58 Example-107Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/dimethoxyethane 8.6 −7.6Solution-59 (1:1) Example-108 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂2-Methoxyethanol/2-methyltetrahydrofuran(1:1) 2.8 −1.3 Solution-60

TABLE 11 Oxidation Reduction Current Current Electrolytic SupportingDensity/ Density/ Example No. Solution. No. Electrolyte Solvent Name mA· cm² mA · cm² Example-109 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂2-Methoxyethanol/diethylene 2.6 −1.0 Solution-61 glycol dimethyl ether(1:1) Example-110 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/propylene 2.5−1.4 Solution-62 carbonate(1:1) Example-111 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂2-Methoxyethanol/acetonitrile 6.6 −5.9 Solution-63 (1:1) Example-112Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/γ-butyrolactone 7.6 −3.3Solution-64 (1:1) Example-113 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂2-Methoxyethanol/ethanol(1:1) 10.8 −6.8 Solution-65 Example-114Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/AcOEt(1:1) 6.8 −6.2 Solution-66Example-115 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene 77.1 −41.8 Solution-67glycol/acetonitrile(1:1) Example-116 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene59.7 −33.6 Solution-68 glycol/propionitrile(1:1) Example-117Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ 2-Methoxyethanol/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 22.2−70.2 Solution-69 trifluromethane sulfonate(1:1) Example-118Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene 6.6 −13.7 Solution-70glycol/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluromethane sulfonate(1:1)Example-119 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂ Ethylene 7.1 −12.8 Solution-71glycol/tetraethylammonium trifuoromethanesulfonate(1:1) Example-120Electrolytric MgCl₂ 2-Methoxyethanol 16.6 −6.4 Solution-72 Example-121Electrolytric MgBr₂ 2-Methoxyethanol 28.8 −15.1 Solution-73 Example-122Electrolytric MgI₂ 2-Methoxyethanol 43.5 −56.6 Solution-74 Example-123Electrolytric Mg(BF₄)₂ Ethylene glycol 14.5 −3.4 Solution-75 Example-124Electrolytric Mg(TSFI)₂ Ethylene glycol 1.7 −1.3 Solution-76 Comparative— n-BuMgCl Tetrahydrofuran 0.4 −0.5 Examle-1 Comparative — PhMgClTetrahydrofuran 0.06 −0.08 Examle-1 Comparative — Bu₄NClO₄2-Methoxyethanol 1.0 −0.4 Examle-1 Comparative — Mg(OTf)₂ Ethanol 0.63−5.3 Examle-1 Comparative — Mg(OTf)₂ Dimethoxyethane 0.0026 −0.0063Examle-1

In comparing Examples 82 to 124 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, it hasbeen clarified that Grignard's reagent-type electrolytic solution usedin Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had current density of ±1 mA/cm² orlower, whereas any of the electrolytic solutions of the presentinvention shown in Examples 82 to 124 had high current density. Inaddition, also even in comparing CV measurement results (ComparativeExamples 4 and 5) of other than the Grignard's reagent-type electrolyticsolution described in PATENT LITERATURE 3 and 4, they have beenclarified to have clearly high current value (or current density).

In addition, as is clear from the results of Example 83, it has beenclarified that use of the electrolytic solution of the present inventionis capable of responding to charging under high voltage, in the case ofusing the electrolytic solution of the present invention as theelectrolytic solution for the electrochemical device such as a battery,a capacitor or the like, due to having an extremely high decompositionvoltage of the electrolytic solution of 4.2 V or higher.

Comparative Example 3 is the result of using the electrolytic solutionother than a magnesium salt, and from said result, it was able to provethat the electrolytic solution itself of the present invention was notredox-decomposed, due to having low current density.

Still more, the electrolytic solutions shown in Comparative Examples 4and 5 showed extremely low current density, as well as showed decreasein current density accompanying with the cycle, while the electrolyticsolutions of the present invention did not cause decrease in currentdensity accompanying with the cycle at all. From these results, inethanol of Comparative Example 4, or dimethoxyethane of ComparativeExample 5, it is considered to form a passive state film at theelectrode surface, by oxidative-reductive decomposition of the solventitself. On the other hand, it has been clarified that in theelectrolytic solution of the present invention, decomposition of thesolvent itself was suppressed, and only dissolution and deposition ofmagnesium progressed efficiently and selectively.

From these results, the electrolytic solution of the present inventionis the one which is capable of providing the electrochemical devicehaving rapid charge-discharge capability, when used in theelectrochemical device, due to having high current density, as well asbeing capable of charging under high voltage.

Example 125 Measurement of Alternating Current Impedance of theElectrolytic Solutions 2 and 3

Alternating current impedance was measured using the electrolyticsolutions 2 and 3 to analyze resistance components of the electrolyticsolutions 2 and 3.

Specifically, using a three-pole type beaker cell, Mg alloy (AZ31, 2cm×1.5 cm)), V₂O₅ and magnesium were used for a working electrode, acounter electrode and a reference electrode, respectively, and distancebetween the working electrode and the opposite electrode was set at 5mm. Measurement was performed by adding 2 ml of the electrolyticsolution 2 or 3 into said beaker, under conditions of an initialpotential of 0.1 V, relative to the reference electrode, a frequencyregion of from 20 kHz to 20 mHz, and an amplitude of 10 mV. Themeasurement results of alternating current impedance are shown in FIGS.49 and 50.

From the results of FIGS. 49 and 50, it has been clarified that totalresistance value was each as low as about 120Ω, and diffusion rate ofthe magnesium ion in the electrolytic solution was high.

Comparative Example 6 Measurement of Alternating Current Impedance of aButylmagnesium Chloride (BuMgCl)/Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Solution

Alternating current impedance was measured similarly as in Example 125,except by using a THF solution containing 0.5 M of butylmagnesiumchloride (BuMgCl) (produced by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), prepared inComparative Example 1, instead of the electrolytic solution 2 or 3.Results thereof are shown in FIG. 51.

From the result, it has been estimated that diffusion rate of the ion inthe electrolytic solution was slow, due to having very high totalresistance value of about 8.5×10⁴Ω.

From the results of Example 125 and comparative Example 6, it wasconsidered that by using the electrolytic solution of the presentinvention, current density in CV was dramatically enhanced, because ofoccurrence of rapid diffusion of the magnesium ion formed by dissolvingof magnesium, as compared with the Grignard's reagent. Therefore, it wasconsidered that the electrolytic solution of the present invention otherthan the electrolytic solutions 2 and 3 also showed similarly rapiddiffusion, due to having high current density.

Experiment Example 1 Synthesis of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]Complex and Confirmation Thereof

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

-   -   Under nitrogen atmosphere, 2.42 g (0.0075 mol) of magnesium        trifluoromethanesulfonate Mg[(OTf)₂](produced by Tokyo Chemical        Industry Co., Ltd.), 1.14 g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol        (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 15 ml of        1,2-dimethoxyethane (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,        Ltd.) were sequentially put into a reactor and stirred under        heating at 80° C. for 5 hours. After filtration separation of        insoluble matters by suction filtration, the filtrate was        concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a white solid.        Next, by adding 15 ml of toluene and stirring under suspension,        and by drying under reduced pressure the white solid recovered        by filtration, the Mg[(OTf)₂(2-methoxyethanol)₂] complex was        obtained. Said complex was named a complex 1.        (2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 1 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=5.51 (br, 1H), 3.84-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.55 (t,2H), 3.42 (s, 3H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of 2-methoxyethanol itself was measured using theNMR measurement equipment. Results thereof are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=3.62-3.3.58 (m, 2H), 3.54 (br, 1H), 3.41-3.38 (t,2H), 3.28 (s, 3H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 1 with the ¹H-NMR result of2-methoxyethanol itself, it has been clarified that shift value of thecomplex 1 was shifted toward a lower magnetic field side. Therefore, itwas estimated that the complex 1 is a complex in which 2-methoxyethanolcoordinated to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

The complex 1 was subjected to chelatometric titration [using a 0.01M/EDTA aqueous solution, and eriochrome black T, as an indicator].

That is, firstly, 0.5 g of complex 1 was weighed accurately, which wasdissolved into ion exchanged water and set to a constant volume of 50ml. Into 5 ml of this solution, several drops of a 3M aqueous solutionof ammonium hydroxide (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.),and 2 ml of a 1 M aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide-ammoniumchloride (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), and severaldrops of eriochrome black T (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.), as an indicator, were sequentially added to prepare a samplesolution. After that, chelatometric titration was performed using a 0.01M EDTA aqueous solution (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.), whose concentration was specified, in advance, using a magnesiumstandard solution (concentration: 200 ppm).

As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 5.1 w/w %. This wasequal to the content of magnesium of 5.1 w/w %, calculated theoreticallyassuming that a structure of the complex 1 isMg(OTf)₂(2-methoxyethanol)₂](relative error: 5% or less). From this, astructure of the complex 1 was estimated to beMg(OTf)₂(2-methoxyethanol)₂] coordinated with 2 molecules of2-methoxyethanol.

(4) Structure Analysis of a Ligand

The complex 1 was supplied to a gas generated by heating—massspectrometry to identify a structure of the ligand in the complex.

That is, the complex 1 (1 mg) was filled into a thermal decompositionapparatus, in a state of solid sample, and gradually heated from 40° C.up to 400° C. under a temperature increasing rate of 20° C./minute tomeasure gas components generated using the mass spectrometer. Resultsthereof are shown in FIG. 52 and FIG. 53.

It should be noted that the horizontal axis of FIG. 52 and FIG. 53 showsmeasurement time (corresponding to thermal decomposition temperature),FIG. 52 shows a chart of a total ion peak obtained by the result of themass spectrometry, and FIG. 53 shows a chart where each fragment ionpeak of m/z 45, m/z 58 and m/z 76 observed in mass spectrometry of2-methoxyethanol was extracted from the total ion peak. From theseresults, it has been clarified that total of each fragment ion peak ofm/z 45, m/z 58 and m/z 76 nearly coincides with the total ion peak.Therefore, the ligand contained in the complex 1 has been identified tobe 2-methoxyethanol.

Experiment Example 2 Synthesis of aMg[(OTf)₂(2-(Hydroxymethyl)Tetrahydrofuran)₂] Complex and ConfirmationThereof

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

The Mg[(OTf)₂(2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran)₂] complex was obtainedsimilarly as Experiment Example 1, except by using 1.53 g (0.0150 mol)of 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (produced by Tokyo Chemical IndustryCo., Ltd.), instead of 1.14 g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol. Saidcomplex was named a complex 2.

(2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 2 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below:

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=5.09 (br, 1H), 4.21-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.95 (m,1H), 3.89-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.88(m, 3H), 1.70-1.63 (m, 1H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran itself wasmeasured using the NMR measurement equipment. Results thereof are shownbelow:

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=3.87-3.384 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.61(m, 1H), 3.49-3, 41 (m, 2H), 2.84 (br, 1H), 1.92-1.77 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.61(m, 1H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 2 with the ¹H-NMR result of2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran itself, it has been clarified thatshift value of the complex 2 was generally shifted toward a lowermagnetic field side. Therefore, it was estimated that the complex 2 is acomplex coordinated with 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

Chelatometric titration was performed similarly as in Experiment Example1, except by using 0.5 g of the complex 2 instead of 0.5 g of thecomplex 1. As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 4.5 w/w%. This was equal to the content of magnesium of 4.6 w/w %, calculatedtheoretically assuming that a structure of the complex 2 isMg(OTf)₂(2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran)₂](relative error: 5% orless). From this, a structure of the complex 2 was estimated to beMg(OTf)₂(2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran)₂] coordinated with 2molecules of 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran.

(4) Structure Analysis of a Ligand

Similarly as in Experiment Example 1, the complex 2 was supplied to agas generated by heating—mass spectrometry to identify a structure ofthe ligand in the complex 2. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 54 andFIG. 55.

FIG. 54 shows a chart of a total ion peak obtained by the result of themass spectrometry, and FIG. 55 shows a chart where each fragment ionpeak of m/z 27, m/z 43 and m/z 71 observed in mass spectrometry of2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran was extracted from the total ion peak.From these results, it has been clarified that total of each fragmention peak of m/z 27, m/z 43 and m/z 71 nearly coincides with the totalion peak. Therefore, the ligand contained in the complex 2 has beenidentified to be 2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran.

Experiment Example 3 Synthesis of a Mg[(OTf)₂(Ethylene Glycol)₂] Complex

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

The Mg[(OTf)₂(ethylene glycol)₂] complex was obtained similarly asExperiment Example 1, except by using 0.93 g (0.0150 mol) of ethyleneglycol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), instead of 1.14g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol. Said complex was named a complex 3.

(2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 3 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=5.89 (br, 2H), 3.87 (s, 4H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of ethylene glycol itself was measured using the NMRmeasurement equipment. Results thereof are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=3.78 (br, 2H), 3.56 (s, 4H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 3 with the ¹H-NMR result ofethylene glycol itself, it has been clarified that shift value of thecomplex 3 was shifted toward a lower magnetic field side. Therefore, itwas estimated that the complex 3 is a complex coordinated with ethyleneglycol to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

Chelatometric titration was performed similarly as in Experiment Example1, except by using 0.5 g of the complex 3 instead of 0.5 g of thecomplex 1. As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 5.3 w/w%. This was equal to the content of magnesium of 5.4 w/w %, calculatedtheoretically assuming that a structure of the complex 3 isMg(OTf)₂(ethylene glycol)₂](relative error: 5% or less). From this, astructure of the complex 3 was estimated to be Mg(OTf)₂(ethyleneglycol)₂] coordinated with 2 molecules of ethylene glycol.

(4) Structure Analysis of a Ligand

Similarly as in Experiment Example 1, the complex 3 was supplied to agas generated by heating—mass spectrometry to identify a structure ofthe ligand in the complex 3. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 56 andFIG. 57.

FIG. 56 shows a chart of a total ion peak obtained by the result of themass spectrometry, and FIG. 57 shows a chart where each fragment ionpeak of m/z 31 and m/z 43 observed in mass spectrometry of ethyleneglycol was extracted from the total ion peak. From these results, it hasbeen clarified that total of each fragment ion peak of m/z 31 and m/z 43nearly coincides with the total ion peak. Therefore, the ligandcontained in the complex 3 has been identified to be ethylene glycol.

Experiment Example 4 Synthesis of a Mg[(OTf)₂(Methyl Glycolate)₂]Complex

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

The Mg[(OTf)₂(methyl glycolate)₂] complex was obtained similarly asExperiment Example 1, except by using 1.35 g (0.0150 mol) of methylglycolate (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), instead of1.14 g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol. Said complex was named acomplex 4.

(2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 4 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=5.32 (br, 1H), 4.24-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of methyl glycolate itself was measured using theNMR measurement equipment. Results thereof are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=4.67 (br, 1H), 4.10-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 4 with the ¹H-NMR result ofmethyl glycolate itself, it has been clarified that shift value of thecomplex 4 was generally shifted toward a lower magnetic field side.Therefore, it was estimated that the complex 4 is a complex coordinatedwith methyl glycolate to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

Chelatometric titration was performed similarly as in Experiment Example1, except by using 0.5 g of the complex 4 instead of 0.5 g of thecomplex 1. As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 4.6 w/w%. This was equal to the content of magnesium of 4.8 w/w %, calculatedtheoretically assuming that a structure of the complex 4 isMg(OTf)₂(methyl glycolate)₂](relative error: 5% or less). From this, astructure of the complex 4 was estimated to be Mg(OTf)₂(methylglycolate)₂] coordinated with 2 molecules of methyl glycolate.

Experiment Example 5 Synthesis of a Mg[(OTf)₂(Methyl2-Hydroxyisobutyrate)₂] Complex

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

The Mg[(OTf)₂(methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate)₂] complex was obtainedsimilarly as Experiment Example 1, except by using 1.77 g (0.0150 mol)of methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.), instead of 1.14 g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol. Said complexwas named a complex 5.

(2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 5 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=5.44 (br, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 6H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate itself was measuredusing the NMR measurement equipment. Results thereof are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=4.09 (br, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 6H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 5 with the ¹H-NMR result ofmethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate itself, it has been clarified that shiftvalue of the complex 5 was generally shifted toward a lower magneticfield side. Therefore, it was estimated that the complex 5 is a complexcoordinated with methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

Chelatometric titration was performed similarly as in Experiment Example1, except by using 0.5 g of the complex 5 instead of 0.5 g of thecomplex 1. As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 4.3 w/w%. This was equal to the content of magnesium of 4.4 w/w %, calculatedtheoretically assuming that a structure of the complex 5 isMg(OTf)₂(methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate)₂](relative error: 5% or less).From this, a structure of the complex 5 was estimated to beMg(OTf)₂(methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate)₂] coordinated with 2 molecules ofmethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate.

(4) Structure Analysis of a Ligand

Similarly as in Experiment Example 1, the complex 5 was supplied to agas generated by heating—mass spectrometry to identify a structure ofthe ligand in the complex 5. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 58 andFIG. 59.

FIG. 58 shows a chart of a total ion peak obtained by the result of themass spectrometry, and FIG. 59 shows a chart where each fragment ionpeak of m/z 31, m/z 43 and m/z 59 observed in mass spectrometry ofmethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate was extracted from the total ion peak. Fromthese results, it has been clarified that total of each fragment ionpeak of m/z 31, m/z 43 and m/z 59 nearly coincides with the total ionpeak. Therefore, the ligand contained in the complex 5 has beenidentified to be methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate.

Experiment Example 6 Synthesis of a Mg[(OTf) (2-Ethoxyethanol)] Complex

(1) Synthesis of the Complex

The Mg[(OTf)₂(2-ethoxyethanol)₂] complex was obtained similarly asExperiment Example 1, except by using 1.35 g (0.0150 mol) of2-ethoxyethanol (produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), insteadof 1.14 g (0.0150 mol) of 2-methoxyethanol. Said complex was named acomplex 6.

(2) ¹H-NMR Measurement of the Complex

The isolated complex 6 was dissolved in deuterated acetone (acetone-d₆,produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to measure ¹H-NMR usingan NMR measurement equipment. Shift values of measured peaks (based ontetramethylsilane, as standard) are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=6.06 (br, 1H), 3.88-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.67 (m,4H), 1.23-1.19 (t, 3H)

In addition, ¹H NMR of 2-ethoxyethanol itself was measured using the NMRmeasurement equipment. Results thereof are shown below.

¹H NMR (CD₃ COCD₃); δ=3.62-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.81 (br,1H), 1.14-1.11 (t, 3H)

Comparing the ¹H-NMR result of the complex 6 with the ¹H-NMR result of2-ethoxyethanol itself, it has been clarified that shift value of thecomplex 6 was shifted toward a lower magnetic field side. Therefore, itwas estimated that the complex 6 is a complex coordinated with2-ethoxyethanol to Mg(OTf)₂.

(3) Quantitative Determination of Magnesium by Chelatometric Titration

Chelatometric titration was performed similarly as in Experiment Example1, except by using 0.5 g of the complex 6 instead of 0.5 g of thecomplex 1. As a result, content of magnesium in the complex was 4.6 w/w%. This was equal to the content of magnesium of 4.8 w/w %, calculatedtheoretically assuming that a structure of the complex 6 isMg(OTf)₂(2-ethoxyethanol)₂](relative error: 5% or less). From this, astructure of the complex 6 was estimated to beMg(OTf)₂(2-ethoxyethanol)₂] coordinated with 2 molecules of2-ethoxyethanol.

(4) Structure Analysis of a Ligand

Similarly as in Experiment Example 1, the complex 6 was supplied to agas generated by heating—mass spectrometry to identify a structure ofthe ligand in the complex 6. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 60 andFIG. 61.

FIG. 60 shows a chart of a total ion peak obtained by the result of themass spectrometry, and FIG. 61 shows a chart where each fragment ionpeak of m/z 31, m/z 45, m/z 59 and m/z 72 observed in mass spectrometryof 2-ethoxyethanol was extracted from the total ion peak. From theseresults, it has been clarified that total of each fragment ion peak ofm/z 31, m/z 45, m/z 59 and m/z 72 nearly coincides with the total ionpeak. Therefore, the ligand contained in the complex 6 has beenidentified to be 2-ethoxyethanol.

Example 126 Preparation of aMg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/Dimethoxyethane Solution from the Complex1

The complex 1 (9.5 g 0.02 mol) isolated in Experiment Example 1, and 20ml of dimethoxyethane (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)were mixed and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After filtrationseparation of insoluble matters by suction filtration, 1 g of MS5 A[molecular sieve 5 A (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)]was added to mother liquid for dehydration processing to prepare anelectrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1. Saidelectrolytic solution was named an electrolytic solution 82.

Example 127 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/DiethyleneGlycol Dimethyl Ether Solution from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml ofdiethylene glycol dimethyl ether (produced by Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries, Ltd.)], instead of 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126.Said electrolytic solution was named an electrolytic solution 83.

Example 128 Preparation of aMg[(OTf)_(z)(2-Methoxyethanol)]/Tetrahydrofuran Solution from theComplex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml oftetrahydrofuran (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)],instead of 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolyticsolution was named an electrolytic solution 84.

Example 129 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/2-MethylTetrahydrofuran from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml of2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,Ltd.)], instead of 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Saidelectrolytic solution was named an electrolytic solution 85.

Example 130 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/PropyleneCarbonate Solution from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml ofpropylene carbonate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)],instead of 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolyticsolution was named an electrolytic solution 86.

Example 131 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/AcetonitrileSolution from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml ofacetonitrile (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)], insteadof 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolytic solutionwas named an electrolytic solution 87.

Example 132 Preparation of aMg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/γ-Butyrolactone Solution from the Complex1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml ofγ-butyrolactone (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)],instead of 20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolyticsolution was named an electrolytic solution 88.

Example 133 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/EthanolSolution from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml ofethanol (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)], instead of20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolytic solution wasnamed an electrolytic solution 89.

Example 134 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf)₂(2-Methoxyethanol)]/Ethyl AcetateSolution from the Complex 1

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 1 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 20 ml of ethylacetate (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)], instead of20 ml of dimethoxyethane of Example 126. Said electrolytic solution wasnamed an electrolytic solution 90.

Example 135 Preparation of a Mg[(OTf) (2-Methoxyethanol)₂]/DimethoxyEthane Solution from the Complex 3

An electrolytic solution containing 0.5 M of the complex 3 was preparedby similar processing as in Example 126, except by using 8.9 g (0.02mol) of the complex 3 isolated in Experiment Example 3, instead of thecomplex 1 of Example 126. Said electrolytic solution was named anelectrolytic solution 91.

Example 136 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 82

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 82 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 62.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 62, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 4.5 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.5 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 82, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 137 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 83

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 83 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 63.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 63, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.3 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 4.6 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.1 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 83, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 138 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 84

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 84 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 64.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 64, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 1 V was about 2.1 mA/cm². On theother hand, reduction current is observed accompanying with depositionof magnesium from the vicinity of −0.7 V, and current density at thevicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.2 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 84, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Example 139 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using the ElectrolyticSolution 91

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method in Example 82,except by using the electrolytic solution 91 as the electrolyticsolution. Results thereof are shown in FIG. 65.

As is clear from the results of FIG. 65, oxidation current is observedaccompanying with dissolution of magnesium from the vicinity of 0.5 V,and current density at the vicinity of 0.85 V was about 2.8 mA/cm². Onthe other hand, reduction current is observed accompanying withdeposition of magnesium from the vicinity of −0.5 V, and current densityat the vicinity of −1.5 V was about −1.0 mA/cm². Therefore, it has beenclarified that by using the electrolytic solution 91, a reversibleoxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium occurred, and thus gave highcurrent density. Still more, it has also been found that dissolution anddeposition of magnesium progress repeatedly and stably, because decreasein current density was not observed, even in sweep at or subsequent tothe second cycle.

Comparative Example 7 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Measurement Using aMg(Acac)₂ complex/tetrahydrofuran solution

(1) Preparation of a Mg(Acac)₂ Complex/Tetrahydrofuran Solution

5.0 g (0.02 mol) of bis(2,4-pentanedionato)magnesium[Mg(acac)₂](produced by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and 45 ml oftetrahydrofuran (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) weremixed and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. After filtrationseparation of insoluble matters by suction filtration, 1 g of MS5 A[molecular sieve 5 A (produced by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)]was added to mother liquid for dehydration processing to prepare anelectrolytic solution containing 0.49 M of the Mg(acac)₂ complex.

(2) CV Measurement

CV measurement was performed similarly as the method of Example 82,except by using an electrolytic solution containing 0.49 M of the aboveMg(acac)₂ complex as the electrolytic solution. Results thereof areshown in FIG. 66.

As is clear from FIG. 66, in the case of using the Mg(acac)₂complex/tetrahydrofuran solution as the electrolytic solution, a currentpeak accompanying with dissolution and deposition of magnesium was notobserved at all.

Measurement results of oxidation current density and reduction currentdensity, together with the electrolytic solution, a complex in theelectrolytic solution and a solvent used in Examples 136 to 139, andComparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 5 are shown in thefollowing Table 12.

TABLE 12 Oxidation Reduction Current Current Electrolytic Mg Density/Density/ Example No. Solution. No. complex Solvent Name mA · cm² mA ·cm² Example-136 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂/ Dimethoxyethane 4.5 −1.5Solution-82 (2-methoxyethanol)₂ Example-137 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂/Diethylene glycol 4.6 −1.1 Solution-83 (2-methoxyethanol)₂ dimethylether Example-138 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂/ Tetrahydrofuran 2.1 −1.2Solution-84 (2-methoxyethanol)₂ Example-139 Electrolytric Mg(OTf)₂/Dimethoxyethane 2.8 −1.0 Solution-91 (ethylene glycol)₂ Comparative —Mg(acac)₂ Tetrahydrofuran 0 0 Examle-7 Comparative — Mg(OTf)₂Dimethoxyethane 0.0026 −0.0063 Examle-5

From the results of Examples 136 to 139, it has been clarified that byusing the magnesium complex pertaining to the present invention as asupporting electrolyte, a general purpose organic solvent can be used asan electrolytic solution, without using the compound represented by thefollowing general formula [2] pertaining to the present invention, andstill more high current density is attained.

In addition, in Example 138 and Comparative Example 7, current densitywas measured using the same solvent and the complex in nearly the sameconcentration, except that the magnesium complex itself was different,and there was no current flow in known magnesium complex, however, inthe case of using the magnesium complex pertaining to the presentinvention, there was observed 2.1 mA/cm² as an oxidation current and−1.2 mA/cm² as a reduction current, and thus it has been shown that byusing specific magnesium complex, effect as the electrolytic solutioncan be obtained.

Still more, in comparing Examples 136 and 139 with Comparative Example5, it has been clarified that in the case of using the magnesium salt asthe supporting electrolyte, current density was very low, however, inthe case of using the magnesium complex pertaining to the presentinvention, current density was very high.

In the magnesium complex pertaining to the present invention, as shownin the general formula [10], two molecules of the compound representedby the general formula [2] pertaining to the present invention arechelated to magnesium, however, in the Mg(acac)₂ complex having asimilar coordination structure, oxidation-reduction current was notobserved at all. From this fact, it has been clarified that themagnesium complex pertaining to the present invention has relativelymild chelating effect, as compared with the Mg(acac)₂ complex.

Therefore, from the results of the above Examples 136 and 139, as wellas Comparative Examples 5 and 7, the electrolytic solution obtained fromthe complex pertaining to the present invention is estimated to becomethe electrolytic solution which is capable of repeatingcharge-discharge, due to rapid progress of elimination of the ligand(the compound represented by the general formula [2] pertaining to thepresent invention) from the magnesium complex in a reduction reaction (adeposition reaction of magnesium), while easy occurrence ofre-coordination of the ligand (the compound represented by the generalformula [2] pertaining to the present invention) to the dissolvedmagnesium ion, in an oxidation reaction (a dissolution reaction ofmagnesium).

It should be noted that also in the electrolytic solution of Examples 82to 124, it is estimated that, due to generation of the magnesium complexwhere 2 molecules of ligands (the compounds represented by the generalformula [2]) are coordinated to the magnesium ion in the supportingelectrolyte, current density is significantly enhanced.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An electrolytic solution for anelectrochemical device comprising (1) a supporting electrolytecomprising a magnesium salt and (2) at least one or more kinds of thecompounds represented by the following general formula [2]:

wherein l, m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2; R₁and R₂ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl grouphaving 1 to 6 carbon numbers or a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6carbon numbers; R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ each independently represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers, a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers or ahydroxyl group; R₇ represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers, an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, an aryloxygroup having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, an aryloxy group having 6 to 10carbon numbers which has a halogen atom as substituent, an alkenyloxygroup having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, analkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, analkenylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxycarbonylgroup having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 4carbon numbers, an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, analkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyl grouphaving 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 11carbon numbers, an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers,a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkyl grouphaving 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an arylalkenyloxy group having 8 to 13carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers,a hydroxyaralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, a hydroxyarylgroup having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyaryloxy group having 6 to10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbonnumbers, an alkoxyarylalkyloxy group having 8 to 16 carbon numbers, analkoxyaryl group having 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyaryloxy grouphaving 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkenyl group having 3 to 7carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy group having 3 to 7 carbonnumbers, an alkoxyalkenylcarbonyloxy group having 4 to 8 carbon numbers,an alkoxyalkyloxycarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, analkoxyalkylcarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, a phosphonogroup represented by the following general formula [3]:

wherein R₈ and R₉ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or analkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an amide group represented bythe following general formula [4]:

wherein R₁₀ and R₁₁ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or analkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a carbamide group representedby the following general formula [5]:

wherein R₁₂ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4carbon numbers, R₁₃ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbonnumbers, the group represented by the following general formula [6]:

O—R₁₄

_(p)OR₁₅  [6] wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 6, R₁₄ eachindependently represents an alkylene group or a halogenoalkylene grouphaving 1 to 3 carbon numbers when p is 2 to 5, R₁₅ represents a hydrogenatom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, or a halogenoalkylgroup having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group,a sulfo group, an amino group, an amino group having an alkyl groupwhich has 1 to 6 carbon numbers as substituent, a cyano group, a thiolgroup, a monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclicacetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate, or a group derived fromcyclic carboxylate, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon numbers,which has an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group ora hydroxyl group as substituent, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbonnumbers, a monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclicacetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate or a group derived fromcyclic carboxylate.
 2. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1,wherein R₁ and R₂ are a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
 3. Theelectrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆are each independently a hydrogen atom.
 4. The electrolytic solutionaccording to claim 1, wherein R₇ is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbonnumbers, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, analkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkenyl grouphaving 2 to 4 carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7carbon numbers, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers,the group represented by the general formula [3], the group representedby the general formula [6], a hydroxyl group or a cyano group.
 5. Theelectrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein n is
 0. 6. Theelectrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the supportingelectrolyte is comprising at least one kind of magnesium saltrepresented by the following general formula [1]:Mg X_(q)  [1] wherein Mg represents a magnesium ion, q represents 1 or2, and when q is 1, X represents oxide ion(O²⁻), sulfide ion(S²⁻),sulfate ion(SO₄ ²⁻), monohydrogen phosphate ion(HPO₄ ²⁻), or carbonateion(CO₃ ²⁻), which is a divalent anion, and when q is 2, X represents aperfluoroalkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, abis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ion represented by the followinggeneral formula [7]:

wherein k represents an integer of 1 to 4, F represents a fluorine atom,a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion, an alkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4carbon numbers, an arene sulfonate ion having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, aperfluoroalkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an alkanecarboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an arene carboxylate ionhaving 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an alkoxide ion having 1 to 4 carbonnumbers, a permanganate ion, a perchlorate ion, a tetraphenylborate ion,a tetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion, a hexafluoroarsenateion, a nitrate ion, a dihydrogen phosphate ion, a hydrogen sulfate ion,a hydrogen carbonate ion, a hydrogen sulfide ion, a hydroxide ion(OH⁻),a thiocyanate ion, a cyanide ion(CN⁻), a fluoride ion(F⁻), a chlorideion(Cl⁻), a bromide ion(Br⁻), an iodide ion(I⁻), or a hydride ion(H⁻),which is a monovalent anion.
 7. The electrolytic solution according toclaim 1, wherein concentration of the supporting electrolyte is 0.1 to5.0 mol/L.
 8. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, furthercomprising (3) solvent.
 9. The electrolytic solution according to claim8, wherein the solvent comprises dimethoxyethane,2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylenecarbonate, acetonitrile, butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate,propionitrile, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, ortetraethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
 10. An electrochemicaldevice comprising the electrolytic solution according to claim 1,positive electrode, negative electrode and separator.